Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers: with Microfluidics, CFD, and COMSOL Multiphysics 5

Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers: with Microfluidics, CFD, and COMSOL Multiphysics 5

by James O. Wilkes
Released July 2017
Publisher(s): Pearson
ISBN: 9780134712956

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Book description

The Chemical Engineers Practical Guide to Fluid Mechanics: Now Includes COMSOL Multiphysics 5

Since most chemical processing applications are conducted either partially or totally in the fluid phase, chemical engineers need mastery of fluid mechanics. Such knowledge is especially valuable in the biochemical, chemical, energy, fermentation, materials, mining, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, polymer, and waste-processing industries.

Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers: with Microfluidics, CFD, and COMSOL Multiphysics 5, Third Edition, systematically introduces fluid mechanics from the perspective of the chemical engineer who must understand actual physical behavior and solve real-world problems. Building on the book that earned Choice Magazines Outstanding Academic Title award, this edition also gives a comprehensive introduction to the popular COMSOL Multiphysics 5 software.

This third edition contains extensive coverage of both microfluidics and computational fluid dynamics, systematically demonstrating CFD through detailed examples using COMSOL Multiphysics 5 and ANSYS Fluent. The chapter on turbulence now presents valuable CFD techniques to investigate practical situations such as turbulent mixing and recirculating flows.

Part I offers a clear, succinct, easy-to-follow introduction to macroscopic fluid mechanics, including physical properties; hydrostatics; basic rate laws; and fundamental principles of flow through equipment. Part II turns to microscopic fluid mechanics:

  • Differential equations of fluid mechanics

  • Viscous-flow problems, some including polymer processing

  • Laplaces equation; irrotational and porous-media flows

  • Nearly unidirectional flows, from boundary layers to lubrication, calendering, and thin-film applications

  • Turbulent flows, showing how the k- method extends conventional mixing-length theory

  • Bubble motion, two-phase flow, and fluidization

  • Non-Newtonian fluids, including inelastic and viscoelastic fluids

  • Microfluidics and electrokinetic flow effects, including electroosmosis, electrophoresis, streaming potentials, and electroosmotic switching

  • Computational fluid mechanics with ANSYS Fluent and COMSOL Multiphysics

Nearly 100 completely worked practical examples include 12 new COMSOL 5 examples: boundary layer flow, non-Newtonian flow, jet flow, die flow, lubrication, momentum diffusion, turbulent flow, and others. More than 300 end-of-chapter problems of varying complexity are presented, including several from University of Cambridge exams. The author covers all material needed for the fluid mechanics portion of the professional engineers exam.

The authors website (fmche.engin.umich.edu) provides additional notes, problem-solving tips, and errata.

Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.

Table of contents

  1. Cover Page
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright Page
  4. Dedication
  5. Contents
  6. Preface
  7. Part I: Macroscopic Fluid Mechanics
    1. Chapter 1. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
      1. 1.1 Fluid Mechanics in Chemical Engineering
      2. 1.2 General Concepts of a Fluid
      3. 1.3 Stresses, Pressure, Velocity, and the Basic Laws
      4. 1.4 Physical Properties—Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension
      5. 1.5 Units and Systems of Units
      6. 1.6 Hydrostatics
      7. 1.7 Pressure Change Caused by Rotation
      8. Problems for Chapter 1
    2. Chapter 2. Mass, Energy, and Momentum Balances
      1. 2.1 General Conservation Laws
      2. 2.2 Mass Balances
      3. 2.3 Energy Balances
      4. 2.4 Bernoulli’s Equation
      5. 2.5 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
      6. 2.6 Momentum Balances
      7. 2.7 Pressure, Velocity, and Flow Rate Measurement
      8. Problems for Chapter 2
    3. Chapter 3. Fluid Friction in Pipes
      1. 3.1 Introduction
      2. 3.2 Laminar Flow
      3. 3.3 Models for Shear Stress
      4. 3.4 Piping and Pumping Problems
      5. 3.5 Flow in Noncircular Ducts
      6. 3.6 Compressible Gas Flow in Pipelines
      7. 3.7 Compressible Flow in Nozzles
      8. 3.8 Complex Piping Systems
      9. Problems for Chapter 3
    4. Chapter 4. Flow in Chemical Engineering Equipment
      1. 4.1 Introduction
      2. 4.2 Pumps and Compressors
      3. 4.3 Drag Force on Solid Particles in Fluids
      4. 4.4 Flow Through Packed Beds
      5. 4.5 Filtration
      6. 4.6 Fluidization
      7. 4.7 Dynamics of a Bubble-Cap Distillation Column
      8. 4.8 Cyclone Separators
      9. 4.9 Sedimentation
      10. 4.10 Dimensional Analysis
      11. Problems for Chapter 4
  8. Part II: Microscopic Fluid Mechanics
    1. Chapter 5. Differential Equations of Fluid Mechanics
      1. 5.1 Introduction to Vector Analysis
      2. 5.2 Vector Operations
      3. 5.3 Other Coordinate Systems
      4. 5.4 The Convective Derivative
      5. 5.5 Differential Mass Balance
      6. 5.6 Differential Momentum Balances
      7. 5.7 Newtonian Stress Components in Cartesian Coordinates
      8. Problems for Chapter 5
    2. Chapter 6. Solution of Viscous-Flow Problems
      1. 6.1 Introduction
      2. 6.2 Solution of the Equations of Motion in Rectangular Coordinates
      3. 6.3 Alternative Solution Using a Shell Balance
      4. 6.4 Poiseuille and Couette Flows in Polymer Processing
      5. 6.5 Solution of the Equations of Motion in Cylindrical Coordinates
      6. 6.6 Solution of the Equations of Motion in Spherical Coordinates
      7. Problems for Chapter 6
    3. Chapter 7. Laplace’s Equation, Irrotational and Porous-Media Flows
      1. 7.1 Introduction
      2. 7.2 Rotational and Irrotational Flows
      3. 7.3 Steady Two-Dimensional Irrotational Flow
      4. 7.4 Physical Interpretation of the Stream Function
      5. 7.5 Examples of Planar Irrotational Flow
      6. 7.7 Uniform Streams and Point Sources
      7. 7.8 Doublets and Flow Past a Sphere
      8. 7.9 Single-Phase Flow in a Porous Medium
      9. 7.10 Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
      10. 7.11 Wave Motion in Deep Water
      11. Problems for Chapter 7
    4. Chapter 8. Boundary-Layer and Other Nearly Unidirectional Flows
      1. 8.1 Introduction
      2. 8.2 Simplified Treatment of Laminar Flow Past a Flat Plate
      3. 8.3 Simplification of the Equations of Motion
      4. 8.4 Blasius Solution for Boundary-Layer Flow
      5. 8.5 Turbulent Boundary Layers
      6. 8.6 Dimensional Analysis of the Boundary-Layer Problem
      7. 8.7 Boundary-Layer Separation
      8. 8.8 The Lubrication Approximation
      9. 8.9 Polymer Processing by Calendering
      10. 8.10 Thin Films and Surface Tension
      11. Problems for Chapter 8
    5. Chapter 9. Turbulent Flow
      1. 9.1 Introduction
      2. 9.2 Physical Interpretation of the Reynolds Stresses
      3. 9.3 Mixing-Length Theory
      4. 9.4 Determination of Eddy Kinematic Viscosity and Mixing Length
      5. 9.5 Velocity Profiles Based on Mixing-Length Theory
      6. 9.6 The Universal Velocity Profile for Smooth Pipes
      7. 9.7 Friction Factor in Terms of Reynolds Number for Smooth Pipes
      8. 9.8 Thickness of the Laminar Sublayer
      9. 9.9 Velocity Profiles and Friction Factor for Rough Pipe
      10. 9.10 Blasius-Type Law and the Power-Law Velocity Profile
      11. 9.11 A Correlation for the Reynolds Stresses
      12. 9.12 Computation of Turbulence by the k–∊ Method
      13. 9.13 Analogies Between Momentum and Heat Transfer
      14. 9.14 Turbulent Jets
      15. Problems for Chapter 9
    6. Chapter 10. Bubble Motion, Two-Phase Flow, and Fluidization
      1. 10.1 Introduction
      2. 10.2 Rise of Bubbles in Unconfined Liquids
      3. 10.3 Pressure Drop and Void Fraction in Horizontal Pipes
      4. 10.4 Two-Phase Flow in Vertical Pipes
      5. 10.5 Flooding
      6. 10.6 Introduction to Fluidization
      7. 10.7 Bubble Mechanics
      8. 10.8 Bubbles in Aggregatively Fluidized Beds
      9. Problems for Chapter 10
    7. Chapter 11. Non-Newtonian Fluids
      1. 11.1 Introduction
      2. 11.2 Classification of Non-Newtonian Fluids
      3. 11.3 Constitutive Equations for Inelastic Viscous Fluids
      4. 11.4 Constitutive Equations for Viscoelastic Fluids
      5. 11.5 Response to Oscillatory Shear
      6. 11.6 Characterization of the Rheological Properties of Fluids
      7. Problems for Chapter 11
    8. Chapter 12. Microfluidics and Electrokinetic Flow Effects
      1. 12.1 Introduction
      2. 12.2 Physics of Microscale Fluid Mechanics
      3. 12.3 Pressure-Driven Flow Through Microscale Tubes
      4. 12.4 Mixing, Transport, and Dispersion
      5. 12.5 Species, Energy, and Charge Transport
      6. 12.6 The Electrical Double Layer and Electrokinetic Phenomena
      7. 12.7 Measuring the Zeta Potential
      8. 12.8 Electroviscosity
      9. 12.9 Particle and Macromolecule Motion in Microfluidic Channels
      10. Problems for Chapter 12
    9. Chapter 13. An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics and Ansys Fluent
      1. 13.1 Introduction and Motivation
      2. 13.2 Numerical Methods
      3. 13.3 Learning CFD by Using ANSYS Fluent
      4. 13.4 Practical CFD Examples
      5. Summary
      6. References for Chapter 13
    10. Chapter 14. Comsol Multiphysics for Solving Fluid Mechanics Problems
      1. 14.1 COMSOL Multiphysics—An Overview
      2. 14.2 The Steps for Solving Problems in COMSOL
      3. 14.3 How to Run COMSOL
      4. 14.4 Variables, Constants, Expressions, and Units
      5. 14.5 Boundary Conditions
      6. 14.6 Variables Used by COMSOL
      7. 14.7 Wall Functions in Turbulent-Flow Problems
      8. 14.8 Streamline Plotting in COMSOL
      9. 14.9 Special COMSOL Features Used in the Examples
      10. 14.10 Drawing Tools
      11. 14.11 Fluid Mechanics Problems Solvable by COMSOL
      12. 14.12 Conclusion—Problems and Learning Tools
      13. Problems
      14. Quick Guide to Tools in This Chapter
  9. Appendix A. Useful Mathematical Relationships
    1. Geometrical Shapes
    2. Derivatives
    3. Integrals
    4. Trigonometric Identities
    5. Hyperbolic Functions
    6. Taylor’s Expansion
    7. Simpson’s Rule
    8. Solution of ODEs by Separation of Variables
    9. Numerical Solution of Differential Equations by Euler’s Method
    10. Curvature
    11. Leibnitz’s Rule
    12. Successive Substitutions
  10. Appendix B. Answers to the True/False Assertions
    1. Chapter 1
    2. Chapter 2
    3. Chapter 3
    4. Chapter 4
    5. Chapter 5
    6. Chapter 6
    7. Chapter 7
    8. Chapter 8
    9. Chapter 9
    10. Chapter 10
    11. Chapter 11
    12. Chapter 12
  11. Appendix C. Some Vector and Tensor Operations
  12. General Index
  13. Comsol Multiphysics Index
  14. The Authors

Product information

  • Title: Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers: with Microfluidics, CFD, and COMSOL Multiphysics 5
  • Author(s): James O. Wilkes
  • Release date: July 2017
  • Publisher(s): Pearson
  • ISBN: 9780134712956