When Alfred Binet was commissioned one hundred years ago to create a measure of academic intelligence, he first identified the school subjects that students needed to learn, such as arithmetic or language skills.1 Then he set about identifying the specific cognitive skills that determined a student’s aptitude for mastering each of these subjects. His work formed the basis for what today is known as the IQ test. Still recognized as the standard for measuring academic intelligence around the world, the test remains the most powerful predictor of a child’s academic potential. But while we readily accept that there is a set of cognitive skills that constitute academic intelligence, until ...
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