1.10 NON–VON NEUMANN MODELS

Until recently, almost all general-purpose computers followed the von Neumann design. That is, the architecture consisted of a CPU, memory, and I/O devices, and they had single storage for instructions and data, as well as a single bus used for fetching instructions and transferring data. von Neumann computers execute instructions sequentially and are therefore extremely well suited to sequential processing. However, the von Neumann bottleneck continues to baffle engineers looking for ways to build fast systems that are inexpensive and compatible with the vast body of commercially available software.

Engineers who are not constrained by the need to maintain compatibility with von Neumann systems are free to use ...

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