Energy Processing and Smart Grid

CHAPTER 13MICROGRID APPLICATION DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY

13.1 INTRODUCTION TO MICROGRIDS

A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid, enabling local power generation for local loads. It is comprised of various small power-generating sources that make it highly flexible and efficient. Microgrids can be connected to and disconnected from the grid, which makes it operable in both grid-connected or island mode. Its connection to the utility grid prevents power outages in the system; excess power produced can be sold to the grid. Hence, it provides an answer to the energy crisis and transmission losses.

The advantages of microgrid systems are numerous. First, it is very reliable in case of a blackout of any kind. This is important in places such as hospitals. Also, it combines a variety of energy sources including renewable energy, which makes it environment friendly. Since it is locally operated, it is more in touch with appliances in the community and can perform grid optimization and load priority, and use the heat produced by the plant, which previously went unused, to provide heat to homes. A very important factor is lower costs, which can be achieved because the community microgrid has the power to choose how much power it wants from the megagrid based on what it is producing.

The first power plant created, in 1882, could be called a microgrid ...