Appendix A
Mathematical Notation
We use the symbol 
to mean “equals by definition.”
If P and Q are propositions, so too are ¬P (read as “not P”), P 
Q (“P or Q”), P 
Q (“P and Q”), P 
Q (“P implies Q”), and P 
Q (“P is equivalent to Q”). For equivalence, ...
Get Elements of Programming now with the O’Reilly learning platform.
O’Reilly members experience books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers.
