Electricity Pricing

List of Principal Symbols

CTOTAL	Total generation cost
C0i, $C_i^j$	Generation cost of each generator for the base and contingent state transaction
${\mathrm{CC}}_i^j$	Cost of unavoidable congestion
CTD	Total cost of generation with the changed demand response (DR)
CT	Total generation cost with flat DR
Δθ	Incremental changes in bus voltage angle
δ	Voltage angle of bus
λ	Loading factor
ϕ	Activation function operator of ANN
α	TCR firing angle
η	Learning rate of training procedure of ANN
∑	Diagonal matrix of positive real singular values
∑2	Eigen values of matrix JJT
[ξ]	Right eigenvector of [J]
[η]	Left eigenvector of [J]
[J]	Jacobian matrix
JR	Reduced VQ Jacobian matrix
Jmax	Maximum value diagonal elements of Jacobian matrix ...