Appendix
Conceptual Artifacts: Theoretical Issues
Philosophers have long struggled with the problem of how to characterize a kind of knowledge that is, so to speak, “out there,” removed from individual minds and particular contexts. Plato’s effort in this vein is the most famous but it is quite tangential to our present concerns. Plato posited a realm of pure ideas separate from human knowledge. Human knowledge represents our imperfect though improvable grasp of those pure ideas. This line of thought was refined by Bolzano (1972) in his conception of “propositions in themselves,” a domain that consists not only of all the propositions that have ...
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