Developing International EFL/ESL Scholarly Writers

2 What We Know About Academic Writer Challenges and Differences

2.1 Empirical research and institutional knowledge

Knowing about EFL/ESL student writer challenges can inform existing pedagogy in U.S. and international higher education contexts. Extensive empirical research has shown clear differences between first (L1) language and L2 writing (Silva, 1993) defined by Silva as “purposeful and contextualized communicative interaction, which involves both the construction and transmission of knowledge” (1990, p. 18). “Cognitive, linguistic, social, cultural, educational, and affective factors...distinguish L2 writers, writing processes, and texts” (Ferris & Hedgcock, 2014, p. 24). However, even after 40+ years of empirical research, L2 academic ...