Design of Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines

Table of contents

1. Cover
2. Preface
3. About the Companion Website
4. 1 Overview of a Wind Farm and Wind Turbine Structure
   1. 1.1 Harvesting Wind Energy
   2. 1.2 Current Scenario
   3. 1.3 Components of Wind Turbine Installation
   4. 1.4 Control Actions of Wind Turbine and Other Details
   5. 1.5 Foundation Types
   6. 1.6 Foundations in the Future
   7. 1.7 On the Choice of Foundations for a Site
   8. 1.8 General Arrangement of a Wind Farm
   9. 1.9 General Consideration for Site Selection
   10. 1.10 Development of Wind Farms and the Input Required for Designing Foundations
   11. 1.11 Rochdale Envelope Approach to Foundation Design (United Kingdom Approach)
   12. 1.12 Offshore Oil and Gas Fixed Platform and Offshore Wind Turbine Structure
   13. 1.13 Chapter Summary and Learning Points
5. 2 Loads on the Foundations
   1. 2.1 Dynamic Sensitivity of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures
   2. 2.2 Target Natural Frequency of a Wind Turbine Structure
   3. 2.3 Construction of Wind Spectrum
   4. 2.4 Construction of Wave Spectrum
   5. 2.5 Load Transfer from Superstructure to the Foundation
   6. 2.6 Estimation of Loads on a Monopile‐Supported Wind Turbine Structure
   7. 2.7 Order of Magnitude Calculations of Loads
   8. 2.8 Target Natural Frequency for Heavier and Higher‐Rated Turbines
   9. 2.9 Current Loads
   10. 2.10 Other Loads
   11. 2.11 Earthquake Loads
   12. 2.12 Chapter Summary and Learning Points
6. 3 Considerations for Foundation Design and the Necessary Calculations
   1. 3.1 Introduction
   2. 3.2 Modes of Vibrations of Wind Turbine Structures
   3. 3.3 Effect of Resonance: A Study of an Equivalent Problem
   4. 3.4 Allowable Rotation and Deflection of a Wind Turbine Structure
   5. 3.5 Internationals Standards and Codes of Practices
   6. 3.6 Definition of Limit States
   7. 3.7 Other Design Considerations Affecting the Limit States
   8. 3.8 Grouted Connection Considerations for Monopile Type Foundations
   9. 3.9 Design Consideration for Jacket‐Supported Foundations
   10. 3.10 Design Considerations for Floating Turbines
   11. 3.11 Seismic Design
   12. 3.12 Installation, Decommission, and Robustness
   13. 3.13 Chapter Summary and Learning Points
7. 4 Geotechnical Site Investigation and Soil Behaviour under Cyclic Loading
   1. 4.1 Introduction
   2. 4.2 Hazards that Needs Identification Through Site Investigation
   3. 4.3 Examples of Offshore Ground Profiles
   4. 4.4 Overview of Ground Investigation
   5. 4.5 Cone Penetration Test (CPT)
   6. 4.6 Minimum Site Investigation for Foundation Design
   7. 4.7 Laboratory Testing
   8. 4.8 Behaviour of Soils under Cyclic Loads and Advanced Soil Testing
   9. 4.9 Typical Soil Properties for Preliminary Design
   10. 4.10 Case Study: Extreme Wind and Wave Loading Condition in Chinese Waters
8. 5 Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI)
   1. 5.1 Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI) for Offshore Wind Turbines
   2. 5.2 Field Observations of SSI and Lessons from Small‐Scale Laboratory Tests
   3. 5.3 Ultimate Limit State (ULS) Calculation Methods
   4. 5.4 Methods of Analysis for SLS, Natural Frequency Estimate, and FLS
   5. 5.5 Long‐Term Performance Prediction for Monopile Foundations
   6. 5.6 Estimating the Number of Cycles of Loading over the Lifetime
   7. 5.7 Methodologies for Long‐Term Rotation Estimation
   8. 5.8 Theory for Estimating Natural Frequency of the Whole System
   9. Chapter Summary and Learning Points
9. 6 Simplified Hand Calculations
   1. 6.1 Flow Chart of a Typical Design Process
   2. 6.2 Target Frequency Estimation
   3. 6.3 Stiffness of a Monopile and Its Application
   4. 6.4 Stiffness of a Mono‐Suction Caisson
   5. 6.5 Mudline Moment Spectra for Monopile Supported Wind Turbine
   6. 6.6 Example for Monopile Design
10. Appendix A: Natural Frequency of a Cantilever Beam with Variable Cross Section
11. Appendix B: Euler‐Bernoulli Beam Equation
12. Appendix C: Tower Idealisation
13. Appendix D: Guidance on Estimating the Vertical Stiffness of Foundations
14. Appendix E: Lateral Stiffness KL of Piles
15. Appendix F: Lateral Stiffness KL of Suction Caissons
16. Bibliography
17. Index
18. End User License Agreement