Crystallization of Organic Compounds, 2nd Edition

Crystallization of Organic Compounds, 2nd Edition

by Hsien-Hsin Tung, Edward L. Paul, Michael Midler, James A. McCauley
Released July 2023
Publisher(s): Wiley-AIChE
ISBN: 9781119879466

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Book description

Crystallization of Organic Compounds

Practical resource covering applications of crystallization principles with methodologies, case studies, and numerous industrial examples for emphasis

Based on the authors’ hands-on experiences as process engineers, through the use of case studies and examples of crystallization processes, ranging from laboratory development through manufacturing scale-up, Crystallization of Organic Compounds guides readers through the practical applications of crystallization and emphasizes strategies that have proven to be successful, enabling readers to avoid common pitfalls that can render standard procedures unsuccessful.

Most chapters feature multiple examples that guide readers, step by step, through the crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), including an analysis of the major methods of carrying out crystallization operations, their strengths and potential issues, as well as numerous examples of crystallization processes from development through manufacturing scale.

Advancements in the field of crystallization have been integrated throughout the book in the newly revised Second Edition to ensure the content adequately reflects current state-of-the-art industrial know-hows and practice. The new edition also adds chapters addressing downstream operations after the crystallization, including filtration/washing and drying, together with industrial use cases.

Crystallization of Organic Compounds includes detailed information on:

  • Solubility and solid behavior, covering phase rule, polymorph, salt/co-crystal, chiral resolution and in-silico solubility prediction; and kinetics, covering seed, supersaturation, nucleation, crystal growth and model-based experimental design
  • Critical issues in the crystallization practice, covering oiling out, seeding/wet-milling, agglomeration/aggregation, mixing scale-up and quality-by-design principles
  • Cooling, anti-solvent, evaporation and reactive crystallization process design, covering batch and continuous operations with industrial examples
  • Special applications, covering crystallization with ultrasound, reaction selectivity enhancement, and computation fluid dynamics, and solid dispersion

With highly practical coverage of the subject, Crystallization of Organic Compounds is an essential resource for engineers and chemists involved with the development, scaling, or operation of crystallization process in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries, particularly those with degrees in chemical engineering and chemistry.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright Page
  4. Preface
  5. Chapter 1: Introduction to Crystallization
    1. 1.1 CRYSTAL PROPERTIES AND POLYMORPHS (CHAPTERS 2 AND 3)
    2. 1.2 NUCLEATION AND GROWTH KINETICS (CHAPTER 4)
    3. 1.3 MIXING AND SCALE‐UP (CHAPTER 5)
    4. 1.4 CRITICAL ISSUES AND QUALITY BY DESIGN (CHAPTER 6)
    5. 1.5 CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS OPTIONS (CHAPTERS 7–10)
    6. 1.6 DOWNSTREAM OPERATIONS (CHAPTERS 11 AND 12)
    7. 1.7 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS (CHAPTER 13)
  6. Chapter 2: Properties
    1. 2.1 SOLUBILITY
    2. 2.2 SUPERSATURATION, METASTABLE ZONE, AND INDUCTION TIME
    3. 2.3 OIL, AMORPHOUS, AND CRYSTALLINE STATES
    4. 2.4 POLYMORPHISM
    5. 2.5 SOLVATE
    6. 2.6 SOLID COMPOUND, SOLID SOLUTION, AND SOLID MIXTURE
    7. 2.7 INCLUSION AND OCCLUSION
    8. 2.8 ADSORPTION, HYGROSCOPICITY, AND DELIQUESCE
    9. 2.9 CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY
    10. 2.10 PARTICAL SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND SURFACE AREA
  7. Chapter 3: Polymorphism
    1. 3.1 PHASE RULE
    2. 3.2 PHASE TRANSITION
    3. 3.3 PREDICTION OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND ITS FORMATION
    4. 3.4 SELECTION AND SCREENING OF CRYSTAL FORMS
    5. 3.5 EXAMPLES
  8. Chapter 4: Kinetics
    1. 4.1 SUPERSATURATION AND RATE PROCESSES
    2. 4.2 NUCLEATION
    3. 4.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND AGGLOMERATION
    4. 4.4 NUCLEATE/SEED AGING AND OSTWALD RIPENING
    5. 4.5 DELIVERED PRODUCT: PURITY, CYSTAL FORM, SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY, AND CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STABILITY
    6. 4.6 DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT (DOE)—MODEL‐BASED APPROACH
    7. 4.7 MODEL‐FREE FEEDBACK CONTROL
  9. Chapter 5: Mixing and Crystallization
    1. 5.1 INTRODUCTION
    2. 5.2 MIXING CONSIDERATIONS AND FACTORS
    3. 5.3 MIXING EFFECTS ON NUCLEATION
    4. 5.4 MIXING EFFECTS ON CRYSTAL GROWTH
    5. 5.5 MIXING DISTRIBUTION AND SCALE‐UP
    6. 5.6 CRYSTALLIZATION EQUIPMENT
    7. 5.7 PROCESS DESIGN AND EXAMPLES
  10. Chapter 6: Critical Issues and Quality by Design
    1. 6.1 QUALITY BY DESIGN
    2. 6.2 BASIC PROPERTIES
    3. 6.3 SEED
    4. 6.4 SUPERSATURATION
    5. 6.5 MIXING AND SCALE—SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT AND OPERATING PROCEDURES
    6. 6.6 STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
    7. 6.7 SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ISSUES
  11. Chapter 7: Cooling Crystallization
    1. 7.1 BATCH OPERATION
    2. 7.2 CONTINUOUS OPERATIONS
    3. 7.3 PROCESS DESIGN—EXAMPLES
  12. Chapter 8: Evaporative Crystallization
    1. 8.1 INTRODUCTION
    2. 8.2 SOLUBILITY DIAGRAMS
    3. 8.3 FACTORS AFFECTING NUCLEATION AND GROWTH
    4. 8.4 SCALE‐UP
    5. 8.5 EQUIPMENT
    6. 8.6 PROCESS DESIGN AND EXAMPLES
  13. Chapter 9: Anti‐solvent Crystallization
    1. 9.1 OPERATION
    2. 9.2 IN‐LINE MIXING CRYSTALLIZATION
    3. 9.3 PROCESS DESIGN AND EXAMPLES
  14. Chapter 10: Reactive Crystallization
    1. 10.1 INTRODUCTION
    2. 10.2 CONTROL OF PARTICLE SIZE
    3. 10.3 KEY ISSUES IN ORGANIC REACTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION
    4. 10.4 CREATION OF FINE PARTICLES—IN‐LINE REACTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION
    5. 10.5 PROCESS DESIGN AND SCALE‐UP
  15. Chapter 11: Filtration
    1. 11.1 INTRODUCTION
    2. 11.2 BASIC PROPERTIES
    3. 11.3 KINETICS
    4. 11.4 PROCESS DESIGN AND SCALE‐UP
  16. Chapter 12: Drying
    1. 12.1 INTRODUCTION
    2. 12.2 BASIC PROPERTIES
    3. 12.3 KINETICS
    4. 12.4 PROCESS DESIGN AND SCALE‐UP
  17. Chapter 13: Special Applications
    1. 13.1 INTRODUCTION
    2. 13.2 CRYSTALLIZATION WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
    3. 13.3 RESOLUTION OF STEREO‐ISOMERS
    4. 13.4 WET MILLS IN CRYSTALLIZATION
    5. 13.5 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS IN CRYSTALLIZATION
    6. 13.6 SOLID DISPERSION—CRYSTALLINE AND/OR AMORPHOUS DRUGS
    7. 13.7 PROCESS DESIGN AND EXAMPLES
  18. References
  19. Index
  20. End User License Agreement

Product information

  • Title: Crystallization of Organic Compounds, 2nd Edition
  • Author(s): Hsien-Hsin Tung, Edward L. Paul, Michael Midler, James A. McCauley
  • Release date: July 2023
  • Publisher(s): Wiley-AIChE
  • ISBN: 9781119879466