Throughout the history of human communication, the practice of keeping information secret by disguising it, known as cryptography, has been of great importance. Many important historical figures—for example, Julius Caesar, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Jefferson—have used cryptography to protect sensitive information. Before becoming the “Father of the Modern Computer,” Alan Turing played an integral role during World War II in the successful attacks by the Allies on the Enigma machine, which was used by the Germans to disguise information. Important literary figures have also included cryptography in their writings. In fact, William Friedman, called the “Dean of American Cryptology” on a bust at the U.S. National ...
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