C# 12 Pocket Reference

Table of contents

1. A First C# Program
   1. Compilation
2. Syntax
   1. Identifiers and Keywords
   2. Literals, Punctuators, and Operators
   3. Comments
3. Type Basics
   1. Predefined Type Examples
   2. Custom Type Examples
   3. Types and Conversions
   4. Value Types Versus Reference Types
   5. Predefined Type Taxonomy
4. Numeric Types
   1. Numeric Literals
   2. Numeric Conversions
   3. Arithmetic Operators
   4. Increment and Decrement Operators
   5. Specialized Integral Operations
   6. 8- and 16-Bit Integral Types
   7. Special Float and Double Values
   8. double Versus decimal
   9. Real Number Rounding Errors
5. Boolean Type and Operators
   1. Equality and Comparison Operators
   2. Conditional Operators
6. Strings and Characters
   1. String Type
   2. UTF-8 Strings
7. Arrays
   1. Default Element Initialization
   2. Indices and Ranges
   3. Multidimensional Arrays
   4. Simplified Array Initialization Expressions
8. Variables and Parameters
   1. The Stack and the Heap
   2. Definite Assignment
   3. Default Values
   4. Parameters
   5. var—Implicitly Typed Local Variables
   6. Target-Typed new Expressions
9. Expressions and Operators
   1. Assignment Expressions
   2. Operator Precedence and Associativity
   3. Operator Table
10. Null Operators
    1. Null-Coalescing Operator
    2. Null-Coalescing Assignment Operator
    3. Null-Conditional Operator
11. Statements
    1. Declaration Statements
    2. Expression Statements
    3. Selection Statements
    4. Iteration Statements
    5. Jump Statements
12. Namespaces
    1. File-Scoped Namespaces
    2. The using Directive
    3. The global using Directive
    4. using static
    5. Rules Within a Namespace
    6. Aliasing Types and Namespaces
13. Classes
    1. Fields
    2. Constants
    3. Methods
    4. Instance Constructors
    5. Deconstructors
    6. Object Initializers
    7. The this Reference
    8. Properties
    9. Indexers
    10. Primary Constructors (C# 12)
    11. Static Constructors
    12. Static Classes
    13. Finalizers
    14. Partial Types and Methods
    15. The nameof Operator
14. Inheritance
    1. Polymorphism
    2. Casting and Reference Conversions
    3. Virtual Function Members
    4. Abstract Classes and Abstract Members
    5. Hiding Inherited Members
    6. Sealing Functions and Classes
    7. The base Keyword
    8. Constructors and Inheritance
    9. Overloading and Resolution
15. The object Type
    1. Boxing and Unboxing
    2. Static and Runtime Type Checking
    3. The GetType Method and typeof Operator
    4. Object Member Listing
    5. Equals, ReferenceEquals, and GetHashCode
    6. The ToString Method
16. Structs
    1. Struct Construction Semantics
    2. readonly Structs and Functions
17. Access Modifiers
    1. Friend Assemblies
    2. Accessibility Capping
18. Interfaces
    1. Extending an Interface
    2. Explicit Interface Implementation
    3. Implementing Interface Members Virtually
    4. Reimplementing an Interface in a Subclass
    5. Default Interface Members
    6. Static Interface Members
19. Enums
    1. Enum Conversions
    2. Flags Enums
    3. Enum Operators
20. Nested Types
21. Generics
    1. Generic Types
    2. Generic Methods
    3. Declaring Type Parameters
    4. typeof and Unbound Generic Types
    5. The default Generic Value
    6. Generic Constraints
    7. Subclassing Generic Types
    8. Self-Referencing Generic Declarations
    9. Static Data
    10. Covariance
    11. Contravariance
22. Delegates
    1. Writing Plug-In Methods with Delegates
    2. Instance and Static Method Targets
    3. Multicast Delegates
    4. Generic Delegate Types
    5. The Func and Action Delegates
    6. Delegate Compatibility
23. Events
    1. Standard Event Pattern
    2. Event Accessors
24. Lambda Expressions
    1. Default Lambda Parameters (C# 12)
    2. Capturing Outer Variables
    3. Lambda Expressions Versus Local Methods
25. Anonymous Methods
26. try Statements and Exceptions
    1. The catch Clause
    2. The finally Block
    3. Throwing Exceptions
    4. Key Properties of System.Exception
27. Enumeration and Iterators
    1. Enumeration
    2. Collection Initializers and Collection Expressions
    3. Iterators
    4. Iterator Semantics
    5. Composing Sequences
28. Nullable Value Types
    1. Nullable<T> Struct
    2. Nullable Conversions
    3. Boxing/Unboxing Nullable Values
    4. Operator Lifting
    5. bool? with & and | Operators
    6. Nullable Types and Null Operators
29. Nullable Reference Types
30. Extension Methods
    1. Extension Method Chaining
    2. Ambiguity and Resolution
31. Anonymous Types
32. Tuples
    1. Naming Tuple Elements
    2. Deconstructing Tuples
33. Records
    1. Defining a Record
    2. Nondestructive Mutation
    3. Primary Constructors
    4. Records and Equality Comparison
34. Patterns
    1. var Pattern
    2. Constant Pattern
    3. Relational Patterns
    4. Pattern Combinators
    5. Tuple and Positional Patterns
    6. Property Patterns
    7. List Patterns
35. LINQ
    1. LINQ Fundamentals
    2. Deferred Execution
    3. Standard Query Operators
    4. Chaining Query Operators
    5. Query Expressions
    6. The let Keyword
    7. Query Continuations
    8. Multiple Generators
    9. Joining
    10. Ordering
    11. Grouping
    12. OfType and Cast
36. Dynamic Binding
    1. Static Binding Versus Dynamic Binding
    2. Custom Binding
    3. Language Binding
    4. RuntimeBinderException
    5. Runtime Representation of dynamic
    6. Dynamic Conversions
    7. var Versus dynamic
    8. Dynamic Expressions
    9. Dynamic Member Overload Resolution
    10. Uncallable Functions
37. Operator Overloading
    1. Operator Functions
    2. Overloading Equality and Comparison Operators
    3. Custom Implicit and Explicit Conversions
38. Attributes
    1. Attribute Classes
    2. Named and Positional Attribute Parameters
    3. Attribute Targets
    4. Specifying Multiple Attributes
    5. Writing Custom Attributes
    6. Retrieving Attributes at Runtime
39. Caller Info Attributes
    1. CallerArgumentExpression
40. Asynchronous Functions
    1. The await and async Keywords
    2. Capturing Local State
    3. Writing Asynchronous Functions
    4. Parallelism
    5. Asynchronous Lambda Expressions
    6. Asynchronous Streams
41. Static Polymorphism
    1. Polymorphic Operators
    2. Generic Math
42. Unsafe Code and Pointers
    1. Pointer Basics
    2. Unsafe Code
    3. The fixed Statement
    4. The Pointer-to-Member Operator
    5. The stackalloc Keyword
    6. Fixed-Size Buffers
    7. void*
    8. Function Pointers
43. Preprocessor Directives
    1. Pragma Warning
44. XML Documentation
    1. Standard XML Documentation Tags
45. Index
46. About the Authors