CHAPTER 3

Four Industrial Revolutions

On January 3, 1842, Charles Dickens and his wife, Catherine, left Liverpool on a 19-day Atlantic crossing to America. After a very cold and stormy winter steamship journey, at the Boston docking, Dickens was just two weeks shy of his 30th birthday. Dickens had already achieved fame and literary success with the 1836 serial publication of The Pickwick Papers, the 19th-century version of a 21st-century Internet streaming event. A ChristmasCarol was soon to be published in 1843.

The six-month American itinerary began with visits to Lowell MA, New York, and Philadelphia, followed by a journey to more than a dozen eastern-American cities, as far south as Richmond, as far west as St. Louis, and as far north as ...

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