In the state transition function, the following is the process that every transaction in Ethereum adheres to:
- Confirming of the transaction's validity and structure, by making sure that a signature is valid and nonce matching the nonce in the sender's account and syntax. If there are any issues, then an error is returned.
- The transaction fee calculation is done using the price of gas, and the sender address is determined using the signature. Then, the sender's account balance is checked and reduced accordingly, along with the increment of the nonce. In the case of an insufficient balance, an error occurs.
- Certain gas is taken to cover the cost of the transaction. It is charged per byte incrementally, according ...
