Chapter OneHow can we build more efficient structures?

8. X-ray image of an Amazon water lily leaf showing an example of how robust structures are created in nature with a minimum of materials. The network of ribs stiffens the large area of leaf without adding excessive thickness

8. X-ray image of an Amazon water lily leaf showing an example of how robust structures are created in nature with a minimum of materials. The network of ribs stiffens the large area of leaf without adding excessive thickness

This observation captures the essence of biological structures. In technology, it is generally the shape that is expensive instead.20 Nature makes extremely economical use of materials, often achieved through evolved ingenuity of form. Using folding, vaulting, ribs, inflation ...

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