Applied Underwater Acoustics

Applied Underwater Acoustics

by Thomas Neighbors, David Bradley
Released January 2017
Publisher(s): Elsevier
ISBN: 9780128112472

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Book description

Applied Underwater Acoustics meets the needs of scientists and engineers working in underwater acoustics and graduate students solving problems in, and preparing theses on, topics in underwater acoustics. The book is structured to provide the basis for rapidly assimilating the essential underwater acoustic knowledge base for practical application to daily research and analysis.

Each chapter of the book is self-supporting and focuses on a single topic and its relation to underwater acoustics. The chapters start with a brief description of the topic’s physical background, necessary definitions, and a short description of the applications, along with a roadmap to the chapter. The subtopics covered within individual subchapters include most frequently used equations that describe the topic. Equations are not derived, rather, assumptions behind equations and limitations on the applications of each equation are emphasized. Figures, tables, and illustrations related to the sub-topic are presented in an easy-to-use manner, and examples on the use of the equations, including appropriate figures and tables are also included.

  • Provides a complete and up-to-date treatment of all major subjects of underwater acoustics
  • Presents chapters written by recognized experts in their individual field
  • Covers the fundamental knowledge scientists and engineers need to solve problems in underwater acoustics
  • Illuminates, in shorter sub-chapters, the modern applications of underwater acoustics that are described in worked examples
  • Demands no prior knowledge of underwater acoustics, and the physical principles and mathematics are designed to be readily understood by scientists, engineers, and graduate students of underwater acoustics
  • Includes a comprehensive list of literature references for each chapter

Table of contents

  1. Cover image
  2. Title page
  3. Table of Contents
  4. Copyright
  5. Dedication
  6. List of Contributors
  7. Preface
  8. Chapter 1. General Characteristics of the Underwater Environment
    1. 1.1. Introduction
    2. 1.2. A Brief Exposition of the History of Underwater Acoustics
    3. 1.3. International Standard Units
    4. 1.4. The Decibel Scales
    5. 1.5. Features of Oceanography
    6. 1.6. Sonar Equations
    7. 1.7 Abbreviations
  9. Chapter 2. Sound Propagation
    1. 2.1. The Concept of Waves
    2. 2.2. Sound Propagation in a Viscous Fluid
    3. 2.3. Sound Waves and Shear Waves in Marine Sediments
    4. 2.4. Source or Receiver in Motion
    5. 2.5. Sound Reflection and Transmission at a Fluid–Fluid Boundary
    6. 2.6. The “Ideal” Waveguide
    7. 2.7. The Pekeris Channel
    8. 2.8. Three-Dimensional Propagation
  10. Chapter 3. Sound Propagation Modeling
    1. 3.1. Ray Models
    2. 3.2. Wave Number Integration or Spectral Methods
    3. 3.3. Normal Mode Propagation Models
    4. 3.4. Parabolic Equation Methods
    5. 3.5. Finite-Difference and Finite-Element Methods
    6. 3.6. 3-D Sound Propagation Models
    7. List of Abbreviations and Symbols
  11. Chapter 4. Absorption of Sound in Seawater
    1. 4.1. Physics and Phenomena
    2. 4.2. Experimental Data
    3. 4.3. Sound Absorption Mechanisms
    4. 4.4. Formulas and Expressions
    5. 4.5. Symbols and Abbreviations
  12. Chapter 5. Scattering of Sound
    1. 5.1. Physics and Phenomena
    2. 5.2. Scattering From Point-Like Objects
    3. 5.3. Scattering From Extended, Nearly Plane, Rough Surfaces
    4. 5.4. Theoretical Basis for Scattering Calculations
    5. 5.5. Scattering From Curved, Rough Surfaces
    6. 5.6. Reverberation
    7. 5.7. Symbols and Abbreviations
  13. Chapter 6. Ambient Noise
    1. 6.1. Physics and Phenomena
    2. 6.2. Sources of Ambient Noise
    3. 6.3. Spectra of Ambient Noise
    4. 6.4. Directivity of Ambient Noise
    5. 6.5. Coherence of Ambient Noise
    6. 6.6. Self-Noise
    7. 6.7. Amplitude Distributions for Underwater Noise
    8. 6.8. Symbols and Abbreviations
  14. Chapter 7. Shallow-Water Acoustics
    1. 7.1. What Is Shallow-Water Acoustics?
    2. 7.2. Physics and Phenomena
    3. 7.3. Some Additional Topics of Interest in Shallow-Water Acoustics
    4. 7.4. Some Newer Topics
    5. List of Acronyms
    6. List of Symbols in Equations
  15. Chapter 8. The Seafloor
    1. 8.1. Background and History
    2. 8.2. The Origin and Nature of Seafloor Sediments
    3. 8.3. Acoustics of Sediments
    4. 8.4. Model for Sound Scattering by the Seafloor
    5. 8.5. Sediment Physical Properties
    6. 8.6. Sediment Geoacoustic Properties
    7. 8.7. Seafloor Roughness
    8. 8.8. Seafloor Heterogeneity
    9. 8.9. Seafloor Identification and Characterization by Use of Sonar
    10. List of Symbols
  16. Chapter 9. Inverse Methods in Underwater Acoustics
    1. 9.1. Introduction
    2. 9.2. Some Basic Mathematical Relationships
    3. 9.3. Source Localization by Matched Field Processing
    4. 9.4. Geoacoustic Inversion
    5. 9.5. Ocean Acoustic Tomography
  17. Chapter 10. Sonar Systems
    1. 10.1. Sonar System Applications
    2. 10.2. Sonar System Types
    3. 10.3. Single-Beam Echo Sounders
    4. 10.4. Multibeam Echo Sounders
    5. 10.5. Side-Scan Sonar
    6. 10.6. Synthetic Aperture Sonar
    7. 10.7. Other Sonar Types
    8. 10.8. Transducer Calibration
    9. 10.9. Sonar System Example Calculations
    10. 10.10. Sonar Design Calculations
    11. 10.11. Symbols and Abbreviations
  18. Chapter 11. Signal Processing
    1. 11.1. Background and Definitions
    2. 11.2. Characterizing the Signal and Noise
    3. 11.3. Filtering
    4. 11.4. Detection
    5. 11.5. Estimation
  19. Chapter 12. Bio- and Fishery Acoustics
    1. 12.1. Introduction
    2. 12.2. Marine Life: From Whales to Plankton
    3. 12.3. Acoustic Scattering by Marine Life
    4. 12.4. Active Imaging Systems
    5. 12.5. Marine Life and Sound
    6. 12.6. Passive Acoustic Monitoring
    7. 12.7. Selected Practical Applications
    8. 12.8. Conclusions: Future Developments
  20. Chapter 13. Finite-Amplitude Waves
    1. 13.1. Physics and Nonlinear Phenomena
    2. 13.2. Nonlinear Underwater Acoustics
    3. 13.3. Underwater Explosions
    4. 13.4. List of Symbols and Abbreviations
  21. Chapter 14. Underwater Acoustic Measurements and Their Applications
    1. 14.1. Introduction
    2. 14.2. Acoustics and Marine Renewable Energy Developments
    3. 14.3. Underwater Acoustics in Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Monitoring
    4. 14.4. Characterization of Noise From Ships
    5. 14.5. Underwater Soundscapes
    6. 14.6. Underwater Acoustic Communications
    7. 14.7. Underwater Archaeology
    8. 14.8. Applications of Underwater Acoustics in Polar Environments
    9. 14.9. Tank Experiments
    10. 14.10. Acoustic Positioning at Sea
    11. 14.11. Ocean Observing Systems and Ocean Observatories, Oceanographers, and Acousticians—A Personal Perspective
    12. 14.12. Applications of Underwater Acoustics to Military Purposes
  22. Index

Product information

  • Title: Applied Underwater Acoustics
  • Author(s): Thomas Neighbors, David Bradley
  • Release date: January 2017
  • Publisher(s): Elsevier
  • ISBN: 9780128112472