The word “logic” has many meanings, and is heavily overloaded. It’s derived from the Greek word logicos, meaning “concerning language and speech” or “human reasoning.”
The section “The History of Logic” gives a concise overview of the history of logic, just to show that many brilliant people have been involved over several centuries to develop what’s now known as mathematical logic. The section is by no means meant to be complete.
In the section “Values, Variables, and Types,” we’ll discuss the difference between values (constants) and variables. We’ll also introduce the notion of the type of a variable. We’ll use these notions in the section ...
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