Aesthetics in Digital Photography

Table of contents

1. Cover
2. Title Page
3. Copyright Page
4. Introduction Image and Gaze
   1. Mechanisms related to interest
   2. Mechanisms associated with surprise
   3. Pleasure versus arousal
   4. Art, Beauty and Aesthetics – how are they related?
   5. Our work
5. 1 The Legacy of Philosophers
   1. 1.1. The objectivist approach
   2. 1.2. The subjectivist approach
   3. 1.3. Subjectivism and objectivism: an ongoing debate
6. 2 Neurobiology or the Arbitrator of Consciousness
   1. 2.1. fMRI protocols and neuroaesthetics
   2. 2.2. The fMRI quest for “beauty processes” in the brain
   3. 2.3. Responses from functional electric encephalography
   4. 2.4. A global cognitive scheme for aesthetic judgment?
   5. 2.5. A critique of neuroaesthetic methods
7. 3 What Are the Criteria For a Beautiful Photo?
   1. 3.1. Before we enter into the fray
   2. 3.2. Composition
   3. 3.3. Histograms, spectral properties and textures
   4. 3.4. Color
   5. 3.5. What behavioral psychosociology has to say
8. 4 Algorithmic Approaches to “Calculate” Beauty
   1. 4.1. First steps: C. Henry
   2. 4.2. G.D. Birkhoff’s mathematical approach
   3. 4.3. Those who followed G.D. Birkhoff
   4. 4.4. Algorithmic approach with AI: J. Schmidhuber
9. 5 The Holy Grail of the Digital World: Artificial Intelligence
   1. 5.1. Which artificial intelligence?
   2. 5.2. Why artificial intelligence in aesthetics?
   3. 5.3. Expert opinions
   4. 5.4. The database
10. 6 Primitive-based Classification Methods
    1. 6.1. Judging aesthetics
    2. 6.2. Help in composing beautiful photos
    3. 6.3. Some specific research related to the evaluation of aesthetics using primitives
11. 7 Deep Neural Network Systems
    1. 7.1. DNNs dedicated to aesthetic evaluation
    2. 7.2. Variants around the basic DNN architecture
    3. 7.3. Written appraisals: analyzing them and formulating new ones
    4. 7.4. Measuring subjective beauty
12. 8 A Critical Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques
    1. 8.1. The popularity of studies on aesthetics
    2. 8.2. A summary of learning methods
    3. 8.3. Questioning the hypotheses
    4. 8.4. Specific features of beautiful images detected by a computer
13. Conclusion
14. Appendix 1: A Brief Review of AestheticsA Brief Review of Aesthetics
    1. A1.1. Aesthetics in the ancient world: objectivism ruled supreme
    2. A1.2. The Renaissance
    3. A1.3. The modern world: from objectivism to subjectivism
15. Appendix 2: Aesthetics in ChinaAesthetics in China
    1. A2.1. The image in Chinese literature
    2. A2.2. Objective or subjective?
    3. A2.3. Artificial intelligence and the aesthetic appraisal of Chinese art
16. Appendix 3: The Aesthetic of Persian MiniaturesThe Aesthetic of Persian Miniatures
    1. A3.1. A brief history
    2. A3.2. What is the aesthetic of the miniature?
    3. A3.3. Objective or subjective?
17. Appendix 4: Aesthetics in JapanAesthetics in Japan
    1. A4.1. A brief history of art in Japan
    2. A4.2. The art of impermanence
18. References
19. Index
20. End User License Agreement