A Step-by-Step Approach to Using SAS® for Univariate & Multivariate Statistics, Second Edition

6. Measures of Bivariate Association

Introduction: Significance Tests versus Measures of Association		120
Choosing the Correct Statistic		121
	Levels of Measurement	121
	A Table of Appropriate Statistics	122
	Conclusion	125
Pearson Correlations		125
	When to Use	125
	Interpreting the Coefficient	126
	Linear versus Nonlinear Relationships	128
	Producing Scattergrams with PROC GPLOT	130
	Computing Pearson Correlations with PROC CORR	134
Spearman Correlations		140
	When to Use	140
	Computing Spearman Correlations with PROC CORR	140
The Chi-Square Test of Independence		142
	When to Use	142
	The Two-Way Classification Table	142
	An Example	143
	Tabular versus Raw Data	145
	Computing Chi-Square from Tabular Data	145
	Computing Chi-Square from Raw Data	151
	Special Notes Regarding the Chi-Square ...