Linux Command Directory
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 5th Edition.
Click on any of the 687 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Bookshelf.
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time
time [options] command [arguments]
Run the specified command, passing it any arguments, and time the execution. Note that there is also a shell time command, so you might need to specify the full path, usually
Options
The end of the options. Anything after the -- is treated as the command or one of its arguments.
Used with -o to append the output to file instead of overwriting it.
Specify the output format. Overrides any format specified in the TIME environment variable.
Print help message and exit.
Send the output from time to the specified file instead of to standard error. If file exists, it is overwritten.
Use portable output format (POSIX).
Give verbose output, providing all available information.
Print version information and exit.
Resources
The following resources can be specified in format strings:
Number of involuntary context switches because of time slice expiring.
Name and arguments of command being timed.
Average size of unshared data area, in kilobytes.
Elapsed real time, in seconds.
Elapsed real time as hours:minutes:seconds.
Number of major (I/O-requiring) page faults.
Number of filesystem inputs.
Number of signals delivered to the process.
Average total (data+stack+text) memory use, in kilobytes.
Maximum resident set size, in kilobytes.
Number of filesystem outputs.
Average unshared stack size, in kilobytes.
Percent of CPU used.
Number of socket messages received.
Number of minor (recoverable) page faults.
Number of socket messages sent.
Total CPU seconds used by the system on behalf of the process.
Average resident set size, in kilobytes.
Total CPU seconds used directly by the process.
Number of voluntary context switches.
Number of times the process was swapped out of main memory.
Exit status of the command.
Average shared text size, in kilobytes.
System page size, in bytes.
Example
Time the execution of the command ls -l and display the user time, system time, and exit status of the command:
/usr/bin/time -f "\t%U user,\t%S system,\t%x status" ls -Fs



