1. Chapter 1 HTML and CSS

   1. The Web's Fall from Grace

   2. CSS to the Rescue

   3. Limitations of CSS

   4. Bringing CSS and HTML Together

   5. Summary

2. Chapter 2 Selectors and Structure

   1. Basic Rules

   2. Grouping

   3. Class and ID Selectors

   4. Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements

   5. Structure

   6. Inheritance

   7. Specificity

   8. The Cascade

   9. Classification of Elements

   10. Summary

3. Chapter 3 Units and Values

   1. Colors

   2. Length Units

   3. Percentage Values

   4. URLs

   5. CSS2 Units

   6. Summary

4. Chapter 4 Text Properties

   1. Manipulating Text

   2. Summary

5. Chapter 5 Fonts

   1. Font Families

   2. Font Weights

   3. Font Size

   4. Styles and Variants

   5. Using Shorthand: The font Property

   6. Font Matching

   7. Summary

6. Chapter 6 Colors and Backgrounds

   1. Colors

   2. Complex Backgrounds

   3. Summary

7. Chapter 7 Boxes and Borders

   1. Basic Element Boxes

   2. Margins or Padding?

   3. Margins

   4. Borders

   5. Padding

   6. Floating and Clearing

   7. Lists

   8. Summary

8. Chapter 8 Visual Formatting

   1. Basic Boxes

   2. Block-Level Elements

   3. Floated Elements

   4. Inline Elements

   5. Summary

9. Chapter 9 Positioning

   1. General Concepts

   2. Relative Positioning

   3. Absolute Positioning

   4. Fixed Positioning

   5. Stacking Positioned Elements

   6. Summary

10. Chapter 10 CSS2: A Look Ahead

    1. Changes from CSS1

    2. CSS2 Selectors

    3. Fonts and Text

    4. Generated Content

    5. Adapting to the Environment

    6. Borders

    7. Tables

    8. Media Types and @-rules

    9. Summary

11. Chapter 11 CSS in Action

    1. Conversion Projects

    2. Tips & Tricks

1. Appendix A CSS Resources

   1. General Information

   2. Tips, Pointers, and Other Practical Advice

   3. Online Communities

   4. Bug Reporting

2. Appendix B HTML 2.0 Style Sheet

3. Appendix C CSS1 Properties

4. Appendix D CSS Support Chart

   1. Notes

5. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animals on the cover of Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide are salmon (salmonidae), which is a family of fish consisting of many different species. Two of the most common salmon are the Pacific salmon and the Atlantic salmon.

Pacific salmon live in the northern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of North America and Asia. There are five subspecies of Pacific salmon, with an average weight of ten to thirty pounds and an average age of five years. Pacific salmon are born in the fall in freshwater stream gravel beds, where they incubate through the winter and emerge as inch-long fish. They live for a year or two in the stream or lake, and then head downstream to the ocean. There they live for a few years, before heading back upstream to their exact place of birth to spawn and then die.

Atlantic salmon live in the northern Atlantic Ocean off the coasts of North America and Europe. There are many subspecies of Atlantic salmon, including the trout and the char. Their typical size is ten to twenty pounds, with an average age of seven to ten years. The Atlantic salmon family has a similar life cycle to its Pacific cousins, from freshwater gravel beds to the sea. A major difference between the two, however, is that the Atlantic salmon does not die after spawning; it can return to the ocean and then return to the stream to spawn again, usually two or three times.

Salmon, in general, are graceful, silver-colored fish with spots on their backs and fins. Their diet consists of plankton, insect larvae, shrimp, and smaller fish. Their unusually keen sense of smell is thought to be what helps them navigate from the ocean back to the exact spot of their birth, upstream past many obstacles. Some species of salmon remain landlocked, living their entire lives in freshwater.

Salmon are an important part of the ecosystem, as their decaying bodies provide fertilizer for streambeds. Their numbers have been dwindling over the years, however. Factors in the declining salmon population include habitat destruction, fishing, dams that block spawning paths, acid rain, droughts, floods, and pollution. Melanie Wang was the production editor and copyeditor for Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide. Madeleine Newell was the proofreader, and Jeff Holcomb and Colleen Gorman provided quality control. Maeve O¹Meara, Mary Sheehan, Emily Quill, Ann Schirmer, Jeff Holcomb, and Colleen Gorman provided production support. Brenda Miller wrote the index.

Ellie Volckhausen designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie Freedman. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. Emma Colby produced the cover layout with QuarkXPress 3.32 using Adobe¹s ITC Garamond font.

Alicia Cech designed the interior layout based on a series design by Nancy Priest. Mike Sierra implemented the design in FrameMaker 5.5.6. The text and heading fonts are ITC Garamond Light and Garamond Book. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Rhon Porter using Macromedia FreeHand 8 and Adobe Photoshop 5. This colophon was written by Nicole Arigo.

Whenever possible, our books use RepKover(TM), a durable and flexible lay-flat binding. If the page count exceeds RepKover¹s limit, perfect binding is used.