1. Chapter 1 Introduction

   1. The Web in a Nutshell

   2. Who Are the Webmasters?

   3. Recommended Books

2. HTML

   1. Chapter 2 HTML Overview

      1. HTML Document Structure
      2. HTML Syntax
      3. JavaScript Event Handlers

   2. Chapter 3 HTML Reference

      1. Core Attributes
      2. HTML Tag and Attribute Descriptions

   3. Chapter 4 Frames

      1. Frame Layout
      2. Nested Framesets
      3. The <frame> Tag
      4. Frame Targets
      5. Frame Border Attributes

   4. Chapter 5 Tables

      1. The <table> Tag
      2. The <caption> Tag
      3. The <tr> Tag
      4. The <th> and <td> Tags
      5. Border Color and Backgrounds
      6. Advanced Table Tags

   5. Chapter 6 Forms

      1. The <form> Tag
      2. The <input> Tag
      3. The <textarea> Tag
      4. The <select> Tag
      5. An Example Form

   6. Chapter 7 Character Entities

   7. Chapter 8 Color Names and Values

3. CSS

   1. Chapter 9 Cascading Style Sheets

      1. The Elements of Styles
      2. Style Syntax
      3. Style Properties
      4. CSS Reference

4. XML

   1. Chapter 10 XML

      1. XML Terminology
      2. XML Reference
      3. Document Type Definitions
      4. The Extensible Stylesheet Language
      5. XLink and XPointer

5. JavaScript

   1. Chapter 11 JavaScript

      1. Versions of JavaScript
      2. JavaScript Reference
      3. JavaScript Syntax
      4. Variables
      5. Data Types
      6. Expressions and Operators
      7. Statements
      8. Regular Expressions
      9. JavaScript in HTML
      10. Client-Side Object Hierarchy
      11. Windows and Frames
      12. Forms
      13. Events
      14. JavaScript Security Restrictions
      15. Global Properties
      16. Global Functions
      17. Alphabetical Object Reference

6. CGI and Perl

   1. Chapter 12 CGI Overview

      1. A Typical CGI Interaction
      2. URL Encoding
      3. Extra Path Information
      4. CGI Environment Variables

   2. Chapter 13 Server Side Includes

      1. Configuring the Apache Server for SSI and XSSI
      2. Basic SSI Directives
      3. SSI Environment Variables
      4. Configurable Time Formats for SSI Output
      5. Conditional Statements

   3. Chapter 14 The CGI.pm Module

      1. HTML Tag Generation
      2. Importing Method Groups
      3. Maintaining State
      4. Named Parameters
      5. Using JavaScript Features
      6. Debugging
      7. CGI.pm Reference

   4. Chapter 15 Web Server Programming with mod_perl

      1. Design of mod_perl
      2. Installing mod_perl
      3. mod_perl Handlers
      4. Running CGI Scripts with mod_perl
      5. Server Side Includes with mod_perl
      6. <Perl> Sections
      7. Apache:: Modules

7. PHP

   1. Chapter 16 PHP

      1. Configuration
      2. Embedding PHP in HTML
      3. Language Syntax
      4. Variables
      5. Data Types
      6. Expressions
      7. Operators
      8. Control Structures
      9. Functions
      10. Web-Related Variables
      11. Examples
      12. Function Reference
      13. Array Functions
      14. Configuration and Logging Functions
      15. Database Functions
      16. Date/Time Functions
      17. Directory Functions
      18. File Functions
      19. Graphics Functions
      20. HTTP Functions
      21. IMAP Functions
      22. LDAP Functions
      23. Math Functions
      24. PDF Functions
      25. String Functions
      26. Variable Manipulation Functions
      27. XML Functions
      28. Miscellaneous Functions

8. HTTP

   1. Chapter 17 HTTP

      1. Client Requests
      2. Server Responses and Status Codes
      3. HTTP Headers
      4. Cookies
      5. Media Types and Subtypes

9. Server Configuration

   1. Chapter 18 Apache Configuration

      1. Understanding Apache
      2. Basic Server Configuration: Core Directives

   2. Chapter 19 Apache Modules

      1. mod_access
      2. mod_actions
      3. mod_alias
      4. mod_auth
      5. mod_auth_anon
      6. mod_auth_db
      7. mod_auth_dbm
      8. mod_autoindex
      9. mod_browser
      10. mod_cern_meta
      11. mod_cgi
      12. mod_cookies
      13. mod_digest
      14. mod_dir
      15. mod_dld
      16. mod_dll
      17. mod_env
      18. mod_example
      19. mod_expires
      20. mod_headers
      21. mod_imap
      22. mod_include
      23. mod_info
      24. mod_isapi
      25. mod_log_agent
      26. mod_log_common
      27. mod_log_config
      28. mod_log_referer
      29. mod_mime
      30. mod_mime_magic
      31. mod_mmap_static
      32. mod_negotiation
      33. mod_proxy
      34. mod_rewrite
      35. mod_setenvif
      36. mod_so
      37. mod_speling
      38. mod_status
      39. mod_userdir
      40. mod_unique_id
      41. mod_usertrack

   3. Chapter 20 Server Performance

      1. Turn Off Reverse DNS Lookups
      2. Use the Most Recent Version of Your Server
      3. Keep HTML Content and HTTP Logs on Different Disks
      4. Keep Content as Small as Possible
      5. Performance Tips for HTML Authors
      6. Graphics
      7. Preprocess Queries and Cache the Results
      8. Use Servlets or Server APIs
      9. Increase RAM and Bandwidth
      10. Look for Excessive TCP Retransmits
      11. Use the Same TCP MTU as Your ISP
      12. Use a Trailing Slash When Requesting a Directory

1. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. A crab spider is featured on the cover of Webmaster in a Nutshell. Like the crustaceans after which they are named, crab spiders walk sideways or backwards. They feed on bees and other pollenizing insects, often laying in wait for them by hiding on flowers. Some species of crab spider can, over a period of several days, change color from white to yellow and back again to blend into the flower on which they are sitting. The spider can grab its prey quickly with its forward facing legs. It then injects its victims with a fast-acting, highly-poisonous venom, in this way protecting itself from the bee's sting.

Spiders are similar to, but not the same as, insects. They belong to the class Arachnida, named after Arachne, a maiden in Greek mythology. She defeated the goddess Athena in a weaving contest. In a fury of anger, Athena destroyed Arachne's weaving and beat her about the head. In utter disgrace, Arachne hanged herself. A regretful Athena changed Arachne into a spider so she could weave forever.

While they are certainly not going to win any popularity contests, spiders' insect-eating habits are extremely helpful to humans. Every year, billions of spiders do away with large numbers of disease-carrying and crop-destroying insects. If every spider ate one a day for just a year, those insects, piled in one spot, would weigh as much as 50 million people. Spiders are, by far, the most important predator of insects in the world. Mary Anne Weeks Mayo was the production editor for Webmaster in a Nutshell, Second Edition; Sheryl Avruch was the production manager; Clairemarie Fisher O'Leary and Maureen Dempsey provided quality control. Audrey Doyle was the copyeditor. Lenny Muellner provided troff technical support. Seth Maislin wrote the index.

Edie Freedman designed the cover of this book, using a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. The cover layout was produced with Quark XPress 3.32 using the ITC Garamond font. Whenever possible, our books use RepKover?, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding. If the page count exceeds RepKover's limit, perfect binding is used.

The inside layout was designed by Alicia Cech and implemented in groff by Lenny Muellner. The text and heading fonts are ITC Garamond Light and Garamond Book. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Rhon Porter using Macromedia FreeHand 8 and Adobe Photoshop 5. This colophon was written by Clairemarie Fisher O'Leary, with help from Elaine and Michael Kalantarian.