1. Learning the Basics

   1. Chapter 1 Introduction

      1. Using the Examples
      2. Selecting a Login Shell
      3. Before You Read Further

   2. Chapter 2 A Shell Primer

      1. Entering Commands
      2. Command Input and Output
      3. Files and Directories
      4. Combining Commands
      5. Running Commands in the Background
      6. When Do Spaces Matter?
      7. The Shell Startup Files

   3. Chapter 3 Using the Shell Effectively

      1. Using Filenames
      2. Reusing and Editing Commands
      3. Creating Command Shortcuts
      4. Using Command Substitution
      5. Navigating the File System
      6. Using Your Prompt
      7. Using Job Control

2. Becoming More Efficient

   1. Chapter 4 The Shell Startup Files

      1. Startup and Shutdown Files
      2. Getting To Know .cshrc and .login
      3. Modifying .cshrc and .login
      4. Using Variables
      5. Organizing Your Startup Files
      6. The .logout File

   2. Chapter 5 Setting Up Your Terminal

      1. Identifying Your Terminal Settings
      2. What the Settings Mean
      3. Changing Your Terminal Settings
      4. Did Your Terminal Stop Working?

   3. Chapter 6 Using Your Command History

      1. The History List
      2. Reviewing Your History
      3. Using Commands from Your History
      4. Event Specifiers
      5. Word Designators
      6. Event Modifiers
      7. Making History Persist Across Login Sessions

   4. Chapter 7 The tcsh Command-Line Editor

      1. Editing a Command
      2. Command Key Bindings
      3. emacs Editing Mode
      4. vi Editing Mode
      5. Examining and Modifying Key Bindings

   5. Chapter 8 Using Aliases To Create Command Shortcuts

      1. Defining Aliases
      2. Uses for Aliases
      3. Using Sets of Aliases

   6. Chapter 9 File-Naming Shortcuts

      1. Using Filename Patterns
      2. Using {} To Generate Arguments
      3. Directory Naming Shorthand

   7. Chapter 10 Filename and Programmed Completion

      1. Using Built-In Filename Completion
      2. Programmed Completions
      3. Syntax of the complete Command
      4. Displaying and Removing Programmed Completions
      5. When Programmed Completions Do Not Apply

   8. Chapter 11 Quoting and Special Characters

      1. Special Characters
      2. The Shell's Quote Characters
      3. Referring to Files with Problematic Names
      4. Passing Special Characters to Commands
      5. Using Partial Quoting
      6. Quoting Oddities

   9. Chapter 12 Using Commands To Generate Arguments

      1. Command Substitution
      2. Repeating Substituted Commands
      3. Deferred Command Substitution
      4. When To Avoid Command Substitution

   10. Chapter 13 Navigating the File System

       1. Moving Around
       2. Working in Multiple Locations
       3. Letting the Shell Find Directories for You
       4. Using Aliases and Variables To Move Around

   11. Chapter 14 Keeping Track of Where You Are

       1. Types of Location Reporting
       2. Displaying Your Location in the Prompt
       3. Display Your Location in the Window Title
       4. Putting It All Together
       5. Displaying Other Types of Information

   12. Chapter 15 Job Control

       1. Job States
       2. Obtaining Job Information
       3. Changing a Job's State
       4. Other Applications of Job Control
       5. Job Control and Window Systems

3. Appendixes

   1. Appendix Obtaining and Installing tcsh

      1. Obtaining the Source Distribution
      2. Build the Distribution—Quick Instructions
      3. Build the Distribution—Detailed Instructions
      4. Testing and Installing tcsh
      5. Allowing tcsh To Be a Log in Shell

   2. Appendix csh and tcsh Quick Reference

      1. Command Structure
      2. Star tup and Shutdown Files
      3. Variables
      4. Special Characters
      5. Command History
      6. Moving Around the File System
      7. Aliases
      8. Filename Completion
      9. Programmed Completion
      10. Job Control
      11. Command Editing in tcsh

   3. Appendix Other Sources of Information

      1. Documents
      2. Newsgroups
      3. Mailing Lists

1. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animal featured on the cover of Using csh & tcsh is an oystercatcher, a wading shore bird that is found on every continent but Antarctica. This striking-looking bird has sharply contrasting black and white plumage, scarlet irises, and a long, bright orange bill that is compressed along the sides.

Most oystercatchers form permanent pair bonds. Their breeding grounds are usually a short distance inland from their feeding grounds, and many pairs return to the same breeding ground each spring. The incubation period is 25 to 28 days, with an average of three eggs per clutch. Oystercatchers are unusual among shore birds in that they feed their young for the first six weeks or so.

The diet of oystercatchers consists mainly of bivalve mollusks, such as cockles, mussels, and oysters, crabs, periwinkles, lugworms, and earthworms. Chicks learn to hunt for worms as young as six weeks, using the Herbst's corpuscles, tactile organs on their bills, to locate them in the sand. However, it can take years for an oystercatcher to perfect the technique of opening mollusk shells.

There are two methods of opening mollusk shells: hammering and stabbing. In hammering, the shell is carried to a rock and repeatedly hammered until opened. In stabbing, the oystercatcher uses its long bill to pry open a shell that is agape and to sever the adductor muscles that clamp the shell shut. Individual oystercatchers are either hammerers or stabbers, depending on the method they were taught when young. Similarly, oystercatchers are either mollusk eaters or crab eaters, again depending on their upbringing. Mollusk-eating chicks have been known to be frightened by crabs. UNIX and its attendant programs can be unruly beasts. Nutshell Handbooks help you tame them.

Edie Freedman designed the cover of this book, using a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. The cover layout was produced with Quark XPress 3.3 using the ITC Garamond font.

The inside layout was designed by Edie Freedman and Nancy Priest and implemented in gtroff by Lenny Muellner. The text and heading fonts are ITC Garamond Light and Garamond Book. The illustrations that appear in the book were created in Macromedia Freehand 5.0 by Chris Reilley. The colophon was written by Clairemarie Fisher O'Leary.