Programming C# 3.0 | O'Reilly Media

Programming C# 3.0, Fifth Edition By Jesse Liberty, Donald Xie
December 2007
Pages: 607

Index

[ Symbols ], [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ E ], [ F ], [ G ], [ H ], [ I ], [ J ], [ K ], [ L ], [ M ], [ N ], [ O ], [ P ], [ Q ], [ R ], [ S ], [ T ], [ U ], [ V ], [ W ], [ X ],

Symbols[ Top ]
+ (addition operator), 50
+= (addition self-assignment operator), 52
& (address-of operator), 554
&& (and operator) in conditionals, 55, 57
<> (angle brackets), around XML tags, 303
<% ... %> (angle brackets, percent sign), in ASP.NET, 388
= (assignment operator), 49
confusing with equals operator, 39
using instead of subscribe operator, 265
@ (at sign)
beginning string literal, 215
in XPath, 318, 320
\ (backslash)
escape character for, 24
in string literals, 24, 215
{} (braces)
around statement blocks, 37
in array element initialization, 162, 167
in class declarations, 8, 62, 63
[] (brackets)
in array declarations, 157, 165, 168
in indexers, 176
in metadata attributes, 450
in syntax, 35
: (colon), in base class constructor invocation, 105
+ (concatenation operator), 220
-- (decrement operator), 53
* (dereference operator), 554
/ (division operator), 50
/= (division self-assignment operator), 52
. (dot operator), 11, 12
" (double quotes)
escape character for, 24
in string literals, 216
= (equal sign), in ASP.NET, 388
== (equals operator), 54
confusing with assignment operator, 39
overloading, requirements for, 119, 123
with strings, 221
> (greater than operator), 54
>= (greater than or equals operator), 54
++ (increment operator), 53
[] (index operator)
for arrays, 159
for strings, 221
=> (lambda operator), 271
< (less than operator), 54
<= (less than or equals operator), 54
& (logical AND operator), 57
| (logical OR operator), 57
^ (logical XOR operator), 57
-> (member access operator), 554
% (modulus operator), 50
%= (modulus self-assignment operator), 52
* (multiplication operator), 50
*= (multiplication self-assignment operator), 52
!= (not equals operator), 54
! (not operator) in conditionals, 55
|| (or operator) in conditionals, 55, 57
() (parentheses)
in if...else statement, 35
in switch statement, 39
+ (plus sign), in debugger, 19
# (pound sign), preceding directives, 59
; (semicolon)
ending statements, 33
not ending class definitions, 63
<<>> (shift operator), 57
' (single quotes), escape character for, 24
/ (slash), in XPath, 318
/* ... */ (slash asterisk), enclosing comments, 10
// (slash, double), preceding comments, 9
+= (subscribe operator), 264, 265
- (subtraction operator), 50
-= (subtraction self-assignment operator), 52
?: (ternary operator), 58
-= (unsubscribe operator), 266

A [ Top ]
abstract classes, 108-111, 145
abstract keyword, 108
abstract modifier, 561
AcceptSocket() method, TcpListener, 512, 513
access modifiers, 106
for classes, 65
for properties, 94
not allowed in explicit implementations, 151
ActiveX controls
adding to form after importing, 548
creating, 542-546
importing, 542-550
Add() method
Dictionary, 211
List, 194, 195
XmlAttributeOverrides, 335
addition operator (+), 50
addition self-assignment operator (+=), 52
AddRange() method, List, 194
address-of operator (&), 554
AddSort() method, XPathExpression, 328
ADO, compared to ADO.NET, 369
ADO.NET, 368
compared to ADO, 369
connecting to database, 374, 377
disconnected architecture of, 368
object model of, 372-374
querying data, 375, 377
Adventure Works LT sample database, 338
AJAX, 6
(see also Silverlight)
alert, escape character for, 24
and operator (&&) in conditionals, 55, 57
angle brackets (<>), around XML tags, 303
angle brackets, percent sign (<% ... %>), in ASP.NET, 388
animation, WPF, 409-412
anonymous class, 291
anonymous methods, 257, 270
anonymous types, 291
Append() method, StringBuilder, 226
AppendChild() method, XML, 308
AppendFormat() method, StringBuilder, 226, 227
AppendText() method
File, 492
FileInfo, 493
applications
console applications, 11
web-based (see web-based applications)
Windows Forms (see Windows Forms applications)
WPF applications (see WPF)
arguments of methods (see parameters of methods)
arithmetical operators, 50
arrays, 155
as object of type System.Array, 156
collections accessed as (see indexers)
conversions of, 172-174
declaring, 157
default values for, 158
elements of
accessing, 159-160
initializing, 162
instantiating, 157
iterating over, 161, 163
jagged, 168-171
methods for, 156
multidimensional, 164-171
passing as parameter without creating, 163
properties for, 156
rectangular, 164-168
sorting, 174-176
upper and lower bounds of, 158, 159, 171
as operator, 145
ASP (web) controls, 391
asp tag, 389
ASP.NET, 381
books about, 381
debugging, enabling, 388
(see also Web Forms)
.aspx file extension, 382
AsReadOnly() method
List, 194
System.Array, 156
assemblies, 5
assignment
definite, 27, 84
operator precedence for, 57
assignment operator (=), 49
confusing with equals operator, 39
using instead of subscribe operator, 265
AsyncCallback delegate, 272-275, 507, 523
AsynchNetworkServe class, 518
asynchronous I/O, 487, 506-511
asynchronous network file streaming, 522-527
at sign (@)
beginning string literal, 215
in XPath, 318, 320
Attributes property, DirectoryInfo, 488
Attributes() method, FileInfo, 493
attributes, in metadata, 449
accessing (see reflection)
custom, 451-455
naming conventions for, 452
parameters of, 453
targets of, 450
applying to attributes, 450
list of, 449
types of, 450
attributes, of files, 488, 493
attributes, of XML elements, 309-311
AttributeTargets enumeration, 450
AutoComplete feature, fixing case errors with, 14
automatic properties, 94
axes, XPath searches using, 319
Aximp utility, 542, 547, 548

B [ Top ]
backing store, 487
backslash (\)
escape character for, 24
in string literals, 24, 215
backspace, escape character for, 24
base class constructors, 105
base classes, 100, 112
(see also abstract classes)
base keyword, 105, 561
BeginRead() method, Stream, 506, 508
BeginWrite() method, Stream, 506
Berkeley socket interface, 513
binary files, 500-502
BinaryFormatter class, 530
BinaryReader class, 499
BinarySearch() method
List, 194
System.Array, 156
BinaryWriter class, 499
binding
late binding, using reflection, 456, 462-464
server-side controls to data, 391-398
books
Learning ASP.NET 2.0 with AJAX (Liberty et al.), 381
Programming .NET 3.5 (Liberty, Horovitz), x, 6, 405
Programming ASP.NET (Liberty, Hurwitz), 381, 401
Programming Silverlight (Liberty), 6
Programming WCF Services (Lowy), 329
Programming WPF (Sells, Griffiths), 405
Swann's Way (Proust), 557
bool type, 22
boolean type, 22
braces ({})
around statement blocks, 37
in array element initialization, 162, 167
in class declarations, 8, 62, 63
brackets ([])
in array declarations, 157, 165, 168
in indexers, 176
in metadata attributes, 450
in syntax, 35
(see also index operator ([]))
branching
conditional branching statements, 35-42
unconditional branching statements, 34
(see also jump statements)
break statement
in loops, 47
in switch statement, 39, 41
breakpoints, in debugger, 18
buffered streams, 502-504
BufferedStream class, 499, 502
bugs, compared to exceptions, 240
built-in types, 21, 22-25
choosing, 23
conversion of, 24
list of, 22
button controls, Windows Forms, 432-437
byte type, 22

C [ Top ]
C
strings, differences in, 213
switch statement differences, 41
C#, x, 3
book about, x
features of, 4-6
history of, 4
invoking unmanaged code from, 551-554
new features in, 3, 4
C++
indexer operator, overloading, equivalent to, 177
multiple inheritance, equivalent for, 100
nonstatic operators, no equivalent for, 118
object types that can be thrown, limitations to, 241
private and protected inheritance, no equivalent for, 100
structs, differences in, 126
switch statement differences, 41
templates, equivalent for, 185
C++-style comments, 9
call stack
displaying, with stack trace, 252-254
unwinding, 241, 245
callback methods, 271-275
camel notation, 14
Capacity property, List, 194, 196
capture collections, for regular expressions, 236-239
Capture object, 236
CaptureCollection collection, 236
carriage return, escape character for, 24
case sensitivity, 14
case statement (see switch statement)
casting (explicit conversions), 25, 120, 123
catch block, 243, 245
catch statement, 240, 243-249
char keyword, 562
char literals, 24
(see also string literals)
char type, 22, 24
(see also strings)
Chars property
String, 217
StringBuilder, 226
checked keyword, 562
child elements, XML, 303, 308
class keyword, 62, 562
classes, 4, 8, 61
abstract classes, 108-111, 145
access modifiers for, 65
anonymous, 291
base classes, 100, 112
behaviors of (see methods)
concrete classes, 110
declarations of, 4, 8
defining, 62-65
derived classes, 100, 112
generated, adding methods to, 348
metadata stored with, 5
named by Visual Studio, 16
naming conventions for, 14
nesting, 114-116
partial classes, 382
sealed classes, 111
tracking instances of, 77
Clear() method
Dictionary, 211
List, 194
Queue, 205
Stack, 207
System.Array, 156
ClientHandler class, 518, 523
Clone() method, System.Array, 156
Close() method, 80
code examples, xvi
code reuse, inheritance used for, 101
code separation, 382
code style guidelines by Microsoft, 14
code, commenting out, 10
code-behind pages, 381, 386-388
collection interfaces, 185
IComparable interface, 197-200
IComparer interface, 200-204
IEnumerable interface, 186-188
list of, 185
type safety of, 185
collections, 155
accessing as arrays (see indexers)
dictionaries, 210-212
hash function for, 112
Item element for, 195
queues, 205-207
stacks, 207-210
type safety of, 155
(see also arrays; lists)
colon (:), in base class constructor invocation, 105
columns, relational database, 369
COM components (see ActiveX controls)
comments, 9
around code, 10
author's guidelines for, 317
for XML-based documentation, 11
nesting, 10
Compare() method, String, 217, 220
CompareTo() method
IComparable, 197
String, 217
comparison operators (see relational operators)
Compile() method, XPathNavigator, 328
compiling programs, 17
component-oriented programming, with C#, 5
Concat() method, String, 217, 220
concatenation operator (+), 220
concrete classes, 110
conditional branching statements, 35-42
Boolean expressions required for, 35
if...else statement, 35-37
nested if statements, 37
switch statement, 38-42
conditional directives, 60
console applications, 11
Console object, 11
const keyword, 562
constants, 28
naming conventions for, 14
(see also enumerations)
ConstrainedCopy() method, System.Array, 156
constraints
for lists, 189-194
for relational database, 370
constructors, 68-71
base class constructors, 105
default, 68
defining, 69
overloading, 71, 75, 87-90
contact information for this book, xvi
Contains() method
List, 194
Queue, 205
Stack, 207
ContainsKey() method, Dictionary, 211
ContainsValue() method, Dictionary, 211
continue keyword, 562
continue statement, 47
controls, ActiveX (see ActiveX controls)
controls, server-side (see server-side controls)
controls, Windows Forms
button controls, 432-437
creating, 421
populating, 424-428
TreeView controls, 424-432
conventions used in this book, xiv
conversions (see type conversion)
ConvertAll() method
List, 194
System.Array, 156
Copy() method
File, 492
String, 217, 221
System.Array, 156
CopyTo() method
FileInfo, 493, 497
List, 194
Queue, 205
Stack, 207, 208, 210
String, 217
System.Array, 156
corruption of databases, 343
Count property
Dictionary, 211
List, 194
Queue, 205
Stack, 207
Create() method
DirectoryInfo, 489
File, 492
FileInfo, 493
CreateAttribute() method, XML, 309
CreateChildControls() method, 385
CreateDirectory() method, Directory, 488
CreateElement() method, XML, 307
CreateInstance() method, System.Array, 156, 171
CreateNavigator() method, XmlDocument, 326
CreateSubdirectory() method, DirectoryInfo, 489, 496
CreateText() method, File, 492
CreationTime property
DirectoryInfo, 488
FileInfo, 493
C-style comments, 10
curly braces (see braces)

D [ Top ]
data binding, 391-398
data compartment for application, 538
data store, 538
DataAdapter class, ADO.NET, 373, 374, 377
databases, 368
Adventure Works LT sample database, 338
connecting to, with ADO.NET, 374, 377
connecting to, with LINQ (see LINQ)
corruption of, 343
relational databases, 368-371
searching
LINQ for (see LINQ)
methodologies for, 279
DataColumn class, ADO.NET, 373
DataColumnCollection class, ADO.NET, 373
DataContext object, 342, 345, 348, 350
DataReader class, ADO.NET, 374
DataRelation class, ADO.NET, 373
DataRelationCollection class, ADO.NET, 373
DataSet class, ADO.NET, 372, 375, 377
DataTable class, ADO.NET, 373, 377
DBCommand class, ADO.NET, 374
DBConnection class, ADO.NET, 374
deadlocks, 485
debugger, Visual Studio, 18-20
breakpoints in, 18
examining object values, 19
stepping through program, 19
debugging, ASP.NET, 388
decimal keyword, 562
decimal type, 22, 23
declarative pinning, 556
declarative referential integrity (DRI), 370
decrement operator (--), 53
decrement operators, 52-53
default keyword, 562
#define directive, 59
definite assignment, 27, 84
delegate keyword, 256, 562
delegates, 5, 256
asynchronous I/O, 507
callbacks using, 271-275
creating, 256
methods called directly, preventing, 265-270
potential problems with, 265
publish and subscribe pattern using, 257-265
uses of, 256
Delete() method
DirectoryInfo, 489
File, 492
FileInfo, 493
Dequeue() method, Queue, 205
dereference operator (*), 554
derived classes, 100, 112
deserialization, 532-534
Deserialize() method, XmlSerializer, 331
destructors
Finalize() implemented using, 112
structs not allowing, 128
dictionaries, 210-212
Dictionary class, 211
directives, preprocessor, 59-60
directories, 488
listing files in, 492-496
traversing subdirectories of, 489-492
Directory class, 488, 499
Directory property, FileInfo, 493
DirectoryInfo class, 488, 499
instantiating, 489
methods of, 488
properties of, 488
subdirectories
returning files for, 492
traversing, 489-492
Dispose() method, IDisposable, 79, 80, 385
division operator (/), 50
division self-assignment operator (/=), 52
do...while loop, 44
document element (see root element, XML)
documentation
this keyword used as, 75
(see also comments)
DocumentElement property, XML, 308
dot operator (.), 11, 12
double keyword, 562
double quotes (")
escape character for, 24
in string literals, 216
double type, 22, 23
DRI (declarative referential integrity), 370
dynamic invocation (see late binding, using reflection)
dynamic strings (see StringBuilder class)

E [ Top ]
elements, XML
attributes of, 309-311
defining, 303
#elif directive, 60
#else directive, 60
else statement (see if...else statement)
Empty property, String, 217
encapsulation, 61
#endif directive, 60
EndRead(), method, Stream, 509
EndsWith() method, String, 217, 221
Enqueue() method, Queue, 205
enumerations, 30-31
equal sign (=), in ASP.NET, 388
(see also assignment operator (=))
equals operator (==), 54
confusing with assignment operator, 39
overloading, requirements for, 119, 123
with strings, 221
Equals() method
Object, 112, 119, 124
String, 217, 221
errors, compared to exceptions, 240
escape characters, 24, 215
event handlers, 257
Web Forms, 382, 383
Windows Forms, 423, 429-437
WPF applications, 418
event keyword, 266-270
EventArgs class, 257
events, 255
observing of, 257
publishing of, 257, 261-263
subscribing to, 257, 263
unsubscribing from, 266
Web Forms, 383, 399-403
examples, source code for, xi
exception handler, 240
Exception objects, 251-254
exceptions, 240
actions performed regardless of, 249-251
catching, 240, 243-249
throwing, 240, 241-243
Exists property
DirectoryInfo, 488
FileInfo, 493
Exists() method
File, 492
List, 194
System.Array, 156
explicit conversions (casting), 25, 120, 123
explicit interface implementation, 150-153
expressions, 49
eXtensible Markup Language (see XML)
extension methods, LINQ, 3, 292-294, 351
defining and using, 294-296
multiple implementations of, on different targets, 301
queries using, as method-based queries, 298
restrictions on, 296
Extension property
DirectoryInfo, 488
FileInfo, 493
extern keyword, 563
extra whitespace, 33

F [ Top ]
"f" suffix on a number, 24
FIFO (first-in, first-out) collection (see queues)
File class, 488, 499
methods for, 492
relationship to FileInfo class, 492
FileInfo class, 496, 499
methods for, 493
properties for, 493
relationship to File class, 492
files
accessing in Vista, exceptions caused by, 492, 496
asynchronous I/O for (see asynchronous I/O)
binary files, 500-502
listing for subdirectories, 492-496
modifying, 496-499
reading and writing (see streaming)
text files, 504-506
FileStream class, 499
FileSystemInfo class, 488
filter, of query, 282
Finalize() method, Object, 112
finalizers, 78
finally block, 241, 249-251
finally keyword, 563
finally statement, 249-251
Find() method
List, 194
System.Array, 156
FindAll() method
List, 194
System.Array, 156
FindIndex() method
List, 194
System.Array, 156
FindLast() method
List, 194
System.Array, 156
FindLastIndex() method
List, 195
System.Array, 156
first-in, first-out (FIFO) collection (see queues)
fixed keyword, 556
float type, 22, 23
folders (see directories)
fonts used in this book, xiv
for keyword, 563
for loop, 44-47
foreach keyword, 563
foreach loop, 161, 163
ForEach() method
List, 195
System.Array, 156
foreign key, relational database, 370
form feed, escape character for, 24
Format() method, String, 217
formatter for serialization, 530
forms (see Web Forms; Windows Forms applications controls)
forward slash (see slash)
from clause of query, 282
FullName property
DirectoryInfo, 488
FileInfo, 493
functions, C# (see methods)
functions, XPath, 321

G [ Top ]
garbage collection, 23, 78
generalization, 97-100
generic collection interfaces (see collection interfaces)
generics, 185
get accessors, 93
get keyword, 563
get() method, for indexers, 179
GetAttributes() method, File, 492
GetCreationTime() method
Directory, 488
File, 492
GetDirectories() method
Directory, 488, 492
DirectoryInfo, 489
GetEnumerator() method
Dictionary, 211
List, 195
Queue, 205
Stack, 207
System.Array, 156
GetFiles() method
Directory, 488
DirectoryInfo, 489, 492
GetFileSystemInfos() method, DirectoryInfo, 489
GetHashCode() method, Object, 112
GetLastAccessTime() method, File, 492
GetLastWriteTime() method, File, 493
GetLength() method, System.Array, 156
GetLogicalDrives() method, Directory, 488
GetLongLength() method, System.Array, 156
GetLowerBound() method, System.Array, 156
GetObjectData() method, Dictionary, 211
GetParent() method, Directory, 488
GetProperties() method, XmlAttributeOverrides, 335
GetRange() method, List, 195
GetResponse(), WebRequest, 527
GetResponseStream() method, WebResponse, 527
GetType() method
Object, 112
XmlSerializer, 330
GetUpperBound() method, System.Array, 156
GetValue() method, System.Array, 156
"goes to" operator (see lambda operator)
goto keyword, 564
goto statement, 42
in switch statement, 39, 41
reasons to avoid, 42
graphical user interface (see GUI)
greater than operator (>), 54
greater than or equals operator (>=), 54
grids, WPF, 406-408
Griffiths, Ian
blog for, 301
Programming WPF, 405
Group class, 233
grouping in query, 290
Groups collection, 233
groups, regular expressions, 233-236
GUI (graphical user interface)
programs without (see console applications)

H [ Top ]
HasAttributes property, XmlElement, 319
hash function for collections, 112
heap, 23
Hejlsberg, Anders (C# creator), 4
"Hello World" example, 7, 14-18
HelpLink property, Exception, 252
HKEY_CURRENT_USER key, 538
Horovitz, Alex (Programming .NET 3.5), x, 6, 405
HTML controls, 391
HttpWebRequest class, 527
Hungarian notation, 32
Hurwitz, Dan (Programming ASP.NET), 381, 401

I [ Top ]
IAsyncResult interface, 507
ICollection interface, 185, 186
IComparable interface, 186, 197-200
IComparer interface, 186, 200-204
identifiers (names), 32
(see also naming conventions)
identifiers, preprocessor, 59
IDeserializationCallback interface, 535
IDictionary interface, 186, 211
IEnumerable interface, 186-188
IEnumerator interface, 185
#if directive, 60
if...else statement, 35-37
IFormatter interface, 530
IList interface, 186
implicit conversions, 24, 120, 123
implicit types, 22
implicitly typed local variables, 291
increment operator (++), 53
increment operators, 52-53
index operator ([])
for arrays, 159
for strings, 221
indexers, 176-180
assignment to, 180-182
based on strings, 182-185
declaring, 176
get() and set() methods for, 179
IndexOf() method
List, 195
String, 222
System.Array, 156
information
contact information for this book, xvi
(see also books; web site resources)
inheritance, 97, 100
.ini files, 538
Initialize() method, System.Array, 157
initializers, 71-73
inline documentation, 5
inner join, SQL, 372
Insert() method
List, 195
String, 222
StringBuilder, 226
InsertRange() method, List, 195
instance members of a class, 76
instances (see objects)
int keyword, 564
int type, 22, 23
int16 type, 22
int32 type, 22
int64 type, 23
interface keyword, 131
interfaces, 5, 131
combining, 136-139
compared to abstract classes, 145
defining, 131-133
extending, 135
hiding members of, 153
implementing, 133-135
explicitly, 150-153
multiple interfaces, 135
naming, 132
overriding, 146-150
polymorphism and, potential problems with, 139-145
Interlocked class, 477
internal access modifier, 66, 94
IP address, 512
is-a relationship (see specialization)
IsFixedSize property, System.Array, 157
isolated storage, 538-541
IsolatedStorageFileStream object, 538
IsReadOnly property, System.Array, 157
IsSynchronized property, System.Array, 157
Item element for collection classes, 195
Item property, IDictionary, 211
Item() method
Dictionary, 211
List, 194
iteration statements, 42-49
do...while loop, 44
for loop, 44-47
foreach loop, 161, 163
while loop, 43

J [ Top ]
jagged arrays, 168-171
Java
constant fields, no equivalent for, 131
final class, equivalent for, 111
join clause of query, 285
Join() method
LINQ, 301
String, 217
jump statements
break statement, 47
continue statement, 47
goto statement, 42
in switch statement, 39, 41
return statement, 35, 125
(see also unconditional branching statements), 35

K [ Top ]
keyboard shortcuts, 17
Keys property, Dictionary, 211
keywords
reference, 561-568

L [ Top ]
lambda expressions
for delegate definitions, 270
in LINQ, 297-301
lambda operator (=>), 271
Language-INtegrated Query (see LINQ)
LastAccessTime property
DirectoryInfo, 488
FileInfo, 493
last-in, first-out (LIFO) collections (see stacks)
LastIndexOf() method
List, 195
System.Array, 157
LastWriteTime property
DirectoryInfo, 489
FileInfo, 493
late binding, using reflection, 456, 462-464
Learning ASP.NET 2.0 with AJAX (Liberty et al.), 381
Length property
FileInfo, 493
String, 217, 221
StringBuilder, 226
System.Array, 157, 159
less than operator (<), 54
less than or equals operator (<=), 54
Liberty, Jesse (author), x
Learning ASP.NET 2.0 with AJAX, 381
Programming .NET 3.5, x, 6, 405
Programming ASP.NET, 381, 401
Programming Silverlight, 6
support provided by, xv
web site for, xi
life cycle, Web Forms, 384
LIFO (last-in, first-out) collections (see stacks)
line break, in string literals, 215
LINQ (Language-INtegrated Query), 279
compared to SQL, 285
connecting to SQL database, 339
deleting data, 358-362
extension methods of, 3, 285, 292-297, 298, 301, 351
lambda expressions in, 297-301
mapping class properties to database columns
manually, 340-343
with Visual Studio, 344-348
queries
caching results of, 284
creating, 280-283, 352
deferred execution of, 283
retrieving data, 349-353
table properties, creating, 350
updating data, 353-358
XML output from, 363-367
List class, 194
lists, 194
adding items to, 195
capacity of, 196
constraints for, 189-194
methods for, 194
properties for, 194
literal values, 50
literals, 28
char literals, 24
string literals, 32, 215
Load event, 385
LoadPostData() method, 384
LoadViewState() method, 384
lock statement, 479
locking resources (see synchronization)
logical AND operator (&), 57
logical operators, 55, 57
logical OR operator (|), 57
logical XOR operator (^), 57
long type, 23
LongLength property, System.Array, 157
loop variable, scope of, 46
loops (see iteration statements)
Lowy, Juval (Programming WCF Services), 329

M [ Top ]
"m" suffix on a number, 24
Main() method, 8
manifest types, 22
Match objects, 231-233
MatchCollection type, 231-233
mathematical operators, 50
member access operator (->), 554
member variables
readonly, 95
static, 77
(see also properties)
members of a class, 62
(see also events; indexers; methods; properties; variables)
MemberwiseClone() method, Object, 112
MemoryStream class, 500
Message property, Exception, 251
metadata, 5, 449
attributes of (see attributes, in metadata)
reading (see reflection)
method-based queries, 298
methods, 8, 62
adding to generated classes, 348
anonymous, 257, 270
callback methods, 271-275
declarations of, 8, 65
encapsulated in delegates (see delegates)
for arrays, 156
invoking
as unconditional branching, 34
with dot operator, 11
LINQ extension methods (see extension methods, LINQ)
naming conventions for, 8, 14
overloading, 87-90
overriding, 101-105, 146-150
parameters of, 8, 9, 66-68, 81-87
polymorphic, 101-105
return value of, 8, 9
multiple values, 9
void, 9
selectively exposing in interface, 152
signature of, 87
stack frame allocated for, 23
static
accessing member variables using, 78
invoking, 76, 77
passing instance members to, 76
with same signature, in two implemented interfaces, 150
Microsoft code style guidelines, 14
modulus operator (%), 50
modulus self-assignment operator (%=), 52
monitors, 480-485
Move() method
Directory, 488
File, 493
MoveNext() method, XPathNodeIterator, 327
MoveTo() method
DirectoryInfo, 489
FileInfo, 493
multidimensional arrays, 164-171
multiplication operator (*), 50
multiplication self-assignment operator (*=), 52

N [ Top ]
\n escape character, in string literal, 215
Name property
DirectoryInfo, 489
FileInfo, 493
Named Pipes protocol, enabling, 338
names (identifiers), 32
(see also naming conventions)
namespaces, 11
dot operator for, 12
naming conventions for, 14
using directive for, 13
(see also specific namespaces)
naming conventions, 14, 32, 452
nested classes, 114-116
nested comments, 10
nested if statements, 37
.NET platform, 6
book about, 6
new features in, 6
network I/O, 511-513
asynchronous network file streaming, 522-527
multiple connections, handling, 518-522
streaming network client for, 515-518
streaming network server for, 513-515
testing on single machine, 518
NetworkStream class, 500, 513
new keyword
for array instantiation, 157
for methods not overridden, 107
for object instantiation, 68
new operator, 565
newlines
escape character for, 24
in string literals, 215
(see also whitespace)
nonpostback events, Web Forms, 383
NonSerialized attribute, 535
normalization, relational database, 370
Northwind database, 369
not equals operator (!=), 54
not operator (!) in conditionals, 55
null keyword, 565
null, escape character for, 24

O [ Top ]
object graph, 529
object initializers, 73, 291
Object type, 112-114
object type, 565
object-oriented languages, C# as, 4
objects, 8, 61, 63
as reference and value types, 129
as reference types, 23
copying, 112
created by instantiation, 63, 68-71
destroying, 78-81
equivalence of, determining, 112
on the heap, 23
passing as parameters, 75
referring to same instance, determining, 112
string representation of, 112
tracking number of instances, 77
observer design pattern, 257
OCX standard, 542
OnDeserialization() method, IDeserializationCallback, 535
OnLoad() method, 385
OnPreRender() method, 385
OnReadComplete() method, ClientHandler, 518, 521
OnWriteComplete() method, ClientHandler, 518, 521
Open() method, FileInfo, 493
OpenRead() method
File, 493, 500
FileInfo, 493
OpenText() method, FileInfo, 493, 504
OpenWrite() method
File, 493, 500
FileInfo, 493
operator keyword, 117, 565
operators, 49
arithmetical operators, 50
assignment operator (=), 49
decrement operators, 52-53
increment operators, 52-53
logical operators, 55
mathematical operators, 50
overloading, 117
alternatives for other languages, 118
cautions regarding, 119
examples of, 123
required pairs of, 119
postfix operators, 53
precedence of, 55-58
prefix operators, 53
relational operators, 54
self-assignment operators, 52
short-circuit evaluation of, 56
ternary operator, 58
(see also specific operators)
or operator (||) in conditionals, 55, 57
orderby clause of query, 286-289, 301
OrderBy() method, LINQ, 301
out keyword, 565
out parameters, 84-87
outer join, SQL, 372
overloaded constructors, 71, 75, 87-90
overloaded methods, 87-90
override keyword, 101, 106, 565
overriding Equals() method, 119
overriding interface implementations, 146-150
overriding methods, 101-105

P [ Top ]
P/Invoke (platform invoke facility), 551-554
parameters of methods, 8, 9, 81-87
defining, 66-68
optional, 67
out parameters, 84-87
passing by reference, 9, 82-84
passing by value, 9, 81
with same name as member variable, 74
params keyword, 163, 565
parent elements, XML, 303
Parent property, DirectoryInfo, 489
parentheses (())
in if...else statement, 35
in switch statement, 39
partial classes, 382
partial keyword, 348, 565
Pascal notation, 14
passing by reference, 9
passing by value, 9
Peek() method
Queue, 205, 207
Stack, 207, 208
platform invoke facility (P/Invoke), 551-554
plus sign (+), in debugger, 19
(see also addition operator (+))
pointer operators, 554
pointers, 5, 554-560
avoiding, 6
compared to this keyword, 74
polymorphism, 97, 101
base class constructors, calling, 105
polymorphic methods, 101-105
polymorphic types, 101
Pop() method, Stack, 207, 208
ports, 512
postback events, Web Forms, 383
postfix operators, 53
pound sign (#), preceding directives, 59
precedence of operator evaluation, 55-58
predicates (search conditions), XPath, 318, 320-321
prefix operators, 53
preprocessor directives, 59-60
preprocessor identifiers, 59, 60
primary key, relational database, 369
private access modifier, 66, 94, 565
Programming .NET 3.5 (Liberty, Horovitz), x, 6, 405
Programming ASP.NET (Liberty, Hurwitz), 381, 401
Programming Silverlight (Liberty), 6
Programming WCF Services (Lowy), 329
Programming WPF (Sells, Griffiths), 405
programs
compiling and running, 17
creating, 15
Project Gutenberg, 557
projection of query, 283, 294
properties, 62, 90-93
access modifiers for, 94
automatic properties, 94
declaring, 92
for arrays, 156
get accessors for, 93
mapping to database columns
manually, 340-343
with Visual Studio, 344-348
naming conventions for, 14
readonly fields, 95
set accessors for, 93
protected access modifier, 66, 94, 565
protected internal access modifier, 66
public access modifier, 66, 566
publish and subscribe design pattern, 257-265
publishing events, 257, 261-263
Push() method, Stack, 207, 208

Q [ Top ]
queries, ADO.NET, 375, 377
queries, LINQ
caching results of, 284
creating, 280-283, 352
deferred execution of, 283
from clause, 282
grouping, 290
join clause, 285
method-based queries, 298
orderby clause, 286-289
range variable for, 282
select clause (projection), 283, 294
storing results with anonymous types, 291
where clause (filter), 282
queries, SQL, 371
Queue class, 205
queues, 205-207
quotes (see double quotes; single quotes)

R [ Top ]
race conditions, 485
RAD (Rapid Application Development)
Web Forms for, 381
RaisePostDataChangedEvent() method, 385
range variable, LINQ, 282
Rank property, System.Array, 157
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Web Forms for, 381
Read() method, Stream, 500
Reader class, ADO.NET, 368
ReadLine() method
Console, 47
StreamReader, 504
readonly fields, 95
readonly modifier, 566
records, relational database, 369
rectangular arrays, 164-168
ref keyword, 83
ref modifier, 566
reference types, objects as, 23, 129
ReferenceEquals() method, Object, 112
reflection, 449, 456
creating types at runtime using, 456
late binding using, 456, 462-464
type discovery using, 456, 458-462
viewing metadata using, 456-457
reflection emit (see types, creating at runtime using reflection)
Refresh() method, DirectoryInfo, 489
Regex class, 229
Regsvr32 utility, 546
regular expressions, 213, 228-231
capture collections for, 236-239
grouping subexpression matches of, 233-236
match collections for, 231-233
relational databases, 368-371
constraints, 370
declarative referential integrity (DRI), 370
normalization of, 370
querying with SQL, 371
relational operators, 54
operator precedence for, 57
overloading, required pairs for, 119
remainders in division (see modulus operator (%))
Remove() method
Dictionary, 211
List, 195
StringBuilder, 226
RemoveAll() method, List, 195
RemoveAt() method, List, 195
RemoveRange() method, List, 195
Render() method, 385
Replace() method, StringBuilder, 226
Resize() method, System.Array, 157
resources
locking (see synchronization)
unmanaged, cleaning up, 112
resources (information)
contact information for this book, xvi
(see also books; web site resources)
return statement, 35, 125
return value of methods, 8
Reverse() method
List, 195
System.Array, 157, 174
root element, XML, 303, 307
Root property, DirectoryInfo, 489
Rows collection, ADO.NET, 373
rows, relational database, 369
runat=Server attribute, 391

S [ Top ]
SaveViewState() method, 385
sbyte keyword, 566
sbyte type, 22
screen scraping, 529
sealed classes, 111
sealed keyword, 111
sealed modifier, 566
search conditions (predicates), XPath, 318, 320-321
searching database (see LINQ)
security, with data binding, 398
select clause of query, 283, 294
Select() method, XPathNavigator, 327
SelectNodes() method, XPath, 321
SelectSingleNode() method, XPath, 318, 319, 326
self-assignment operators, 52
Sells, Chris (Programming WPF), 405
semicolon (;)
ending statements, 33
not ending class definitions, 63
Serializable attribute, 529, 531
serialization, 487, 529-538
formatter for, 530
transient data, handling, 535
serialization, XML, 329-331
customizing using attributes, 331-333
deserialization, 331
runtime customization of, 333-336
Serialize() method, formatter, 532
server-side controls
adding to Web Form, 388-391, 399-403
ASP (web) controls, 391
binding to data, 391-398
HTML controls, 391
validation controls, 401
set accessors, 93
set() method, for indexers, 179
SetAttributes() method, File, 492
SetCreationTime() method, File, 492
SetLastAccessTime() method, File, 492
SetLastWriteTime() method, File, 493
SetValue() method, System.Array, 157
shift operator (<<>>), 57
short type, 22
short-circuit evaluation, 56
signature of method, 87
Silverlight, information about, 6
Simonyi, Charles (inventor of Hungarian notation), 32
single quotes ('), escape character for, 24
single type, 22
slash (/), in XPath, 318
(see also division operator (/))
slash asterisk (/* ... */), enclosing comments, 10
slash, double (//), preceding comments, 9
SOA, book about, 329
SOAP, 530
SoapFormatter class, 530
sockets, 511
software requirements, x
Sort() method
List, 195, 197
System.Array, 157, 174
sorting arrays, 174-176
sorting query results, 286-289
source code for examples, xi
spaces (see whitespace)
specialization, 97-100
Split() method
Regex, 230
String, 217, 225
SQL (Structured Query Language), 371
connecting to database with LINQ (see LINQ)
LINQ syntax compared to, 285
SQL injection attack, 398
SQL Server 2005 Adventure Works LT sample database, 338
SQL Server, version used for this book, x
SQML (Structured Query Markup Language), 304
square brackets (see brackets)
stack (in memory), 23
(see also call stack)
Stack class, 207
stack frame, 23, 241
stack panels, WPF, 406-408, 414
stack trace, 252-254
stackalloc keyword, 566
stacks, 207-210
StackTrace property, Exception, 252
standard output, 11
Start() method, TcpListener, 512, 513
StartRead() method, ClientHandler, 518, 523
starts-with() function, XPath, 321
StartsWith() method, String, 217
state object, asynchronous I/O, 507
state of web application, 384
statement blocks, 37
statements, 33
conditional branching statements, 35-42
iteration statements, 42-49
unconditional branching statements, 34
(see also specific statements)
static keyword, 14, 76
static members of a class, 14, 76-78
accessing, 76
member variables, 77
methods
accessing member variables using, 78
invoking, 76, 77
passing instance members to, 76
static modifier, 566
statically typed, 21
storage, isolated, 538-541
Stream class, 499
streaming
asynchronous network files, 522-527
network client, 515-518
network server, 513-515
web streams, 527-529
StreamReader class, 504
streams, 487
backing store for, 487
buffered, 502-504
serialization of data for (see serialization)
StreamWriter class, 504, 513
String class, 214
string keyword, 32
string literals, 32, 215
(see also char literals)
string representation of object, 112
StringBuilder class, 226-227
StringReader class, 499
strings, 32, 214, 566
comparing, 220
concatenating, 220
copying, 221
creating with literals, 215
creating with ToString() method, 216
delimiters in, problems with, 228
equality of, testing, 221
finding specific character in, 221
immutable (String class), 214
indexers based on, 182-185
length of, 221
manipulating, 216-222
methods and properties for, 216
mutable (StringBuilder class), 226-227
ordering, 214
parsing into substrings, 225
String type compared to string type, 214
switch statement using, 42
(see also regular expressions; substrings)
StringWriter class, 499
strongly typed, 22
structs, 5, 126, 566
creating, 128-130
defining, 127
performance of, 126
Structured Query Markup Language (SQML), 304
style guidelines for code, by Microsoft, 14
styles, WPF, 409-412
subdirectories
creating, 496
listing files in, 492-496
traversing, 489-492
subscribe operator (+=), 264, 265
subscribing to events, 257, 263
Substring() method, String, 217, 222-224
substrings
finding at end of string, 221
finding location of, within string, 222
finding within string, 222-224
inserting into a string, 222
parsing string into, 225
subtraction operator (-), 50
subtraction self-assignment operator (-=), 52
support for this book, xv
Swann's Way (Proust), 557
switch keyword, 567
switch statement, 38-42
C and C++ differences in, 41
default case for, 41
on strings, 42
Visual Basic 6 equivalents to, 40
symbolic constants, 28
symbolic values, 50
synchronization, 465, 474-477
Interlocked class for, 477
lock statement for, 479
monitors for, 480-485
(see also thread synchronization)
synchronous I/O, 506
SyncRoot property, System.Array, 157
System.Array type, 156
System.Attribute class, 452
System.IO namespace, 488
System.Object type, 112-114
System.Reflection namespace, 451
System.Threading namespace, 465
System.Web namespace, 382
System.Web.Extension namespace, 382
System.Web.UI namespace, 382
System.Xml namespace, 307
System.Xml.Serialization namespace, 329
System.Xml.XPath namespace, 311, 322
SystemRoot directory, 496

T [ Top ]
\t escape character, in string literal, 215
tables, relational database, 369
tabs
escape characters for, 24
in string literals, 215
(see also whitespace)
tags, XML, 303
targets, of metadata attributes, 450
applying to attributes, 450
list of, 449
TCP/IP protocol, 511
TcpClient class, 515
TcpListener object, 512, 513
ternary operator (?:), 58
text files, 504-506
TextReader class, 499
TextWriter class, 499
ThenBy() method, LINQ, 301
this keyword, 74-75
as documentation, 75
in indexer declarations, 176, 179
to call overloaded constructors, 75
to pass objects as parameters, 75
to qualify instance members, 74
Thread class, 466
thread synchronization, 485
threads, 465
creating, 466
joining, 469
killing, 470-474
scheduling of, 469
starting, 467
suspending (sleeping), 469
uses of, 466
ThreadStart delegate class, 466
throw statement, 241-243
ToArray() method
LINQ, 284
List, 195
Queue, 205
Stack, 208
ToArray() method, Stack, 208
ToList() method, LINQ, 284
ToString() method, Object, 112, 114, 124, 216
ToUpper() method, String, 217
TreeView controls, Windows Forms
event handling for, 429-432
populating, 424-428
Trim() method, String, 217
TrimEnd() method, String, 217
TrimExcess() method
List, 195
Queue, 205
Stack, 208
TrimToSize() method, List, 195
TrueForAll() method, System.Array, 157
try block, 243, 245
TryGetValue() method, Dictionary, 211
type conversion
implementing operators for, 120, 123
of built-in types, 24
type discovery, using reflection, 456, 458-462
types, 7, 21
built-in types, 22-25
creating at runtime using reflection, 456
default values for, 68
suffixes of numbers indicating, 24

U [ Top ]
uint type, 22, 23
uint16 type, 22
uint32 type, 22
uint64 type, 23
ulong type, 23
UML (Unified Modeling Language), 98
unconditional branching statements, 34
(see also jump statements)
#undef directive, 60
UnderlyingObject property, XPathNavigator, 327
Unified Modeling Language (UML), 98
unmanaged code, invoking from C#, 551-554
unmanaged resources, cleaning up, 112
unsafe keyword, 554, 556, 567
unsubscribe operator (-=), 266
unwinding the stack, 241, 245
user-defined types, 21
ushort type, 22, 23
using directive, 13
using keyword, 567
using statement, 80

V [ Top ]
validation controls, 401
value keyword, 93
value types, 129
Values property, Dictionary, 211
variables, 25-26
assigning values to, 25, 27, 49
declaring, 25
implicitly types local variables, 291
initializing, 25, 27
naming conventions for, 14
on the stack, 23
(see also member variables)
verbatim string literals, 215
versioning, 106
ViewState property, web control, 384
virtual keyword, 101, 567
(see also overriding methods)
Visual Basic 6
ADO compared to ADO.NET, 369
array size, differences in, 158
controls, differences in, 425
loop variable differences, 46
switch statement eqivalents in, 40
variables in try blocks, restrictions on, 252
Visual Studio
compiling programs, 17
creating projects, 15
debugger (see debugger, Visual Studio)
importing ActiveX controls using, 547
LINQ to SQL designer, 344-348
namespaces included by default, 13, 16
version used for this book, x
web-based applications created using, 382, 385

W [ Top ]
web controls (see ASP controls)
Web Forms, 381-383
code separation used by, 382
code-behind pages for, 381, 386-388
controls for (see server-side controls)
creating, 385-391
event handlers for, 383
events in, 383, 399-403
life cycle of, 384
web site resources
Adventure Works LT sample database, 338
author, xi, xv
code style guidelines by Microsoft, 14
for this book, xvi
Griffiths, Ian, blog for, 301
Hungarian notation, 32
Northwind database, 369
port numbers, 512
Project Gutenberg, 557
security, 398
Silverlight, 6
source code for examples, xi
support, xv
XPath, 320
XPath functions, 322
web streams, 527-529
web-based applications
advantages of, 381
state of, 384
Visual Studio used for, 382
(see also ASP.NET; Web Forms)
WebRequest object, 527
WebResponse object, 527
where clause of query, 282
Where() method, LINQ, 293
while keyword, 568
while loop, 43
whitespace, 33, 47
Wiltamuth, Scott (C# creator), 4
Windows Forms applications
controls
button, 432-437
creating, 421
populating, 424-428
TreeView, 424-432
creating, 420-421
event handlers for, 423, 429-437
Windows Presentation Foundation (see WPF)
Windows Vista
protected files, accessing, 492, 496
version used for this book, x
WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation), 100, 404
animation, 409-412
books about, 405
creating applications, 405-408
data for application, 412-414
event handling in, 418
grids, 406-408
stack panels, 406-408, 414
styles, 409-412
Windows version required for, x
XAML in, 404, 414, 415-418
Write() method, Console, 46
WriteLine() method
Console, 11, 26, 506
StreamWriter, 504, 506

X [ Top ]
XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language), 6, 404, 414, 415-418
XAttribute class, 363
XDocument class, 363
XElement class, 363
XHTML, 304
Xie, Donald (author), x
XML (eXtensible Markup Language), 302, 304
creating documents, 304-311
elements in, 303
LINQ output to, 363-367
tags in, 303
versions of, 302
XML editor, 309
XML serialization, 329-331
customizing using attributes, 331-333
deserialization, 331
runtime customization of, 333-336
XmlAttribute object, 309
XmlAttributeAttribute object, 333, 335
XmlAttributeOverrides class, 335
XML-based documentation, comments for, 11
XmlNode class, 318
XmlSerializer object, 330
XPath, 311-317
functions for, 321
search conditions (predicates) for, 318, 320-321
searching for a node, 318-319
searching using axes, 319
searching using XPathNavigator, 322-328
web site about, 320, 322
XPathExpression object, 328
XPathNavigator class, 322, 326
XPathNodeIterator object, 327

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