Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, Third Edition Designing Large-Scale Web Sites By Peter Morville, Louis Rosenfeld
November 2006
Pages: 526

Cover | Table of Contents | Colophon

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Index

[ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ E ], [ F ], [ G ], [ H ], [ I ], [ J ], [ K ], [ L ], [ M ], [ N ], [ O ], [ P ], [ Q ], [ R ], [ S ], [ T ], [ U ], [ V ], [ W ], [ X ], [ Y ], [ Z ],

A[ Top ]
A List Apart, 480
abbreviations, as preferred terms, 218
About Face: The Essentials of User Interface Design (Cooper), 275
About.com, 63
access, ethics of, 343
accessibility, of navigation bars, 129
ACM, 343
ACM SIGCHI, 477
acronyms, as preferred terms, 218
active bibliographies, 160
Active Inter-Hub Management, 289
active user, paradox of, 262
activity-system maps, 382
administration
      of information architecture, 233
      strategy recommendations on, 265
administrative assistants, 250
administrative metadata, 243
advanced navigation approaches, 139
      personalization and customization, 139
      social navigation, 142
      visualization, 142
advanced search, 185
      results overload, 190
      search revision, supporting, 185
      users' use of, 157
affinity modeling diagrams, 258, 259
AFNOR NFZ 47-100, 213
Agency.com, 368
Ahlstrand, Bruce, 385
AIDS, ethics of name of, 342
AIGA-Experience Design, 476
algorithms, pattern matching, 159
alphabetical organization schemes, 60
alphabetical sitemaps, 137
alphabetical sorting, of search results listings, 168
Amazon, 143, 208
ambiguous organization schemes, 55, 61
American Society for Information Science and Technology, The (ASIS&T), 477
American Society of Indexers, 103, 357
analyses, comparative and competitive, 375
analytics, software for, 359
Anderson, James D., 213
ANSI/NISO Z39.19 (thesaurus standard), 213
anthropologists, 252
AOL web site, 133
apprenticeships, 336
architectural strategies and approaches (strategy report section), 283
Argus Associates, strategy report sample, 279
Argus Center for Information Architecture IA Guide, 480
art of business strategy, 380
Art of War (Tzu), 379
articles, on evolt.org, 466
articulation, of strategy ideas, 270
artificial to real task distribution, 260
Asilomar Institute for Information Architecture (see Information Architecture Institute)
ASIS&T Summit, 337
asking, 35
associative learning, 62, 126
associative relationships (in thesauri), 204, 216, 217
AT&T, controlled vocabulary for, 325
audiences
      indexing for specific, 154
      for information architecture projects, 450
      for information architecture representations, 293
      for labels, 100
audiences, mission, and site vision (strategy report section), 280
audience-specific organization schemes, 65
Australian Yellow Pages, 268
author organization schemes (in card catalogs), 61
authority files, 197
authors, 105
auto-extraction tools, 104
automated categorization tools, 356
automatic stemming, 159
automobile dealerships, metaphor of, 274

B[ Top ]
Back (browser command), 118
background research, for business context, 235
Baeza-Yates, Ricardo, 191
Barrett, Cameron, 359
Bates, Marcia J., 36, 213
Bay Networks, 367
before-and-after benchmarking, 245
Bellcore, synonym ring study, 197
benchmarking, 244
Berners-Lee, Tim, 458
berry-picking model, 36
Best Bets, 52, 435, 437, 452, 454
Best Bets Collection, 444
best practices, for wireframes, 312
BestBuy.com, 368
big picture, importance of, 80
big-picture information architects, 348
biological taxonomy, 219
Bliss, Vivian, 433, 459
blogs (personal web logs), 88, 337, 421
blueprints, 278, 296
      detailed, 303
      ensuring simplicity of, 302
      high-level, 296
      identification scheme for, 304, 305
      modularization of, 304
      organizing, 304
      presenting, 298
      task-oriented, 299
      for Weather.com, 283
Bogaards, Peter, 479
Bogle, John C., 383
Bookmark (browser command), 118
Boolean operators, 181
boot camp sessions, 374
Borders Books & Music, 391
borrowing good ideas, 245
bottom-up business strategy development, 387
bottom-up information architecture, 47, 244
      content mapping and, 313
      strategy recommendations on, 265
      top-down information architecture versus, 388
bottom-up organization structures, 73
Bowker, Geoffrey, 341
Boxes and Arrows, 480
brainstorming, 253, 259
Brand, Stewart, 347
branded programs, labels for, 84
breadth of taxonomies, versus depth, 70
breaking the rules, 214
broad-and-shallow hierarchies, 70
broader terms (thesaurus terminology), 205
Browser Archive (evolt.org), 470
browsers, navigation features, 117
browsing, 35, 95, 116, 188
browsing aids, 50
BS 5723 (thesaurus standard), 213
building an information architecture team, 345-353
building context, in navigation systems, 118
Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (BASIS&T), 480
business context, 350, 433
business context research, 234, 239
      background research, 235
      introductory presentations, 235
      research meetings, 236
      stakeholder interviews, 238
      subjects, buy-in from, 234
      technology assessments, 239
business people, types of, 366
business strategy, 378-391
      competitive advantage and, 389
      content policies and, 267
      gaps in, 384
      information architecture and, 379, 381
      many good ways of, 385
      origins, 379
      schools of thought within, 386
      SWOT model of formulation of, 385
buy-in, for research, 234

C[ Top ]
call-center representatives, 250
callouts, on wireframes, 313
card catalogs, 56, 61
card sorting, 106, 255, 271
cartographers, 352
case studies, 277, 371
catalogers, for MSWeb, 443
categories, 342, 432, 436
categorization, tools for, 355
centralization and EIA, 396
centralization of enterprise information architecture, 421
chaos, of information architecture education, 336
chicken-and-egg problem of information architecture, 267
child abuse, existence of category of, 342
CHI-WEB, 477
choices in education, 336
chronological organization schemes, 60
chronological sorting of search results, 168
chunking, 47
chunks (of content)
      hypertext and, 76
      on detailed blueprints, 304
Churchill, Winston, 391
citation searching, 160
CiteSeer, 160
classes (social), in evolt.org, 463
classic information architecture, 388
classic thesauri, 209
classification, 342, 355
classification schemes, 194, 201, 221
classification systems, 53, 56
Clausewitz, Carl von, 379
clickstream analysis, 248
clients, 293, 432
closed audience-specific organization schemes, 66
closed card sorting, 106, 256, 271
clustering, of search results, 175
CMS Energy, 267
CMS-LIST, 359
CMSWatch, 359
co-citation, 160
Code HTML, 232
cognitive school of business strategy, 387
collaboration, 117, 268, 270, 326-329
collaborative categorization, 77
collaborative filtering, 143, 160
communicating visually, 294
communication, 83, 270
communities, 337
Compaq web site, 102
comparable sites, as label sources, 102
comparative analyses, 375
competitive advantage, 379, 380, 389, 391
competitive analyses, 374
competitive benchmarking, 245
competitive sites, as label sources, 102
components of information architecture, 49-52
compound terms, 220
computer science and information architecture, 20
Concepts of Information Retrieval (Pao), 191
conceptual diagrams, 277
configuration school of business strategy, 387
consistency, 91, 93, 99, 124
consultants, 349
Consumers Energy, 267
containers (of content), 314
content
      analysis of, 241
      as label source, 104
      authoring, 314
      choosing, for search indexing, 151
      components, 151, 155, 158, 163, 307
      containers, separation from, 314
      development policies for, 329
      dynamic, 148
      evolutionary rate, 348
      growth of, 73, 219
      integration of, 472
      inventories of, 101, 316
      mapping of, 244, 313
      migration of, 313
      models, 318-323
      owners, 237
      patterns of, 243
      policies on, 267
      sampling, 241
      scale and, 319
      tasks and, 51
content and information architecture, 27
content authors, 89, 105
content chunks, 304
content management
      as strategy report section, 286
      information architecture recommendations and, 286
      meetings about, 237
      software for, 358
      versus information architecture, 11
Content Management Professionals Association (CM Pros), 478
Content Management Server (Microsoft), 358
content research, 239
      benchmarking, 244
      content analysis, 241
      content mapping, 244
      heuristic evaluations, 239
context, 252
      environmental, 252
      for information architecture strategy, 265
      in navigation systems, 118
context and information architecture, 26
contextual inquiry, 38, 252
contextual links, 87, 126
contextual navigation, 126, 318
continuous adaptation, 348
controlled vocabularies, 52, 193, 194, 324
      authority files, 197
      central control of, 473
      classification schemes, 201
      enterprise-wide, 75
      evolutionary rate, 348
      as label sources, 102
      managing, 325
      as query builders, 162
      relationships among, 194
      sources, 103
      synonym rings, 195
      terminology, 204
controlled vocabulary indexing, 135
controlled vocabulary managers, 352
Cooper, Alan, 275
corporate intranets, 141
cost savings, of research, 262
costs, of poor labels, 86
creation, destructive acts of, 346
Creative Good, 368
creativity, 260, 292
cross-listing, in card sorting, 256
cross-walking, of taxonomies, 458
cubes (on evolt.org), 467
cultural school of business strategy, 387
culture, of online communities, 460
current location, displaying, in navigation systems, 119
customer-support data, 250
customization, 139, 141

D[ Top ]
databases, subsite access and, 298
date sorting, of search results, 168
Davenport, Thomas, 389
DDC (Dewey Decimal Classification), 202
decision making, democratization of, 470
deep hybrid organization schemes, 68
deep information architecture, ignorance of, 390
defense of research, 261
definitions, for preferred terms, 218
degrees in IA, 337
del.icio.us, 77
deliverables
      blueprints, 296
      content maps and inventories, 313
      controlled vocabularies, 324
      design sketches, 326
      information architecture style guides, 329
      perfection of, 266
      for strategy phase, 273
      web-based prototypes, 328
      wireframes, 307
dell.com, 102, 152
depth, of taxonomies, 70
descriptive content components, 163
descriptive metadata, 243
descriptive vocabularies, 433, 454
design
      collaboration, 326-329
      sketches, 326
design and documentation, 291-331
      content mapping and inventory, 313
      controlled vocabularies, 324
      information architecture diagramming, 292
      point-of-production architecture, 328
      process of, 292
      web-based prototypes, 328
      wireframes, 307
design phase, 232
design school of business strategy, 387
designing labels, 98
      fine-tuning, 112
      general guidelines, 98
      label sources, 100, 104
destination pages, navigation pages versus, 153
destructive acts of creation, 346
detailed blueprints, 303
detail-oriented information architects, 348
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), 202
Dewey Decimal System, 6
Dewey, Melvil, 6
diagramming information architecture, 292
diagramming software, 296, 359, 360
diagrams, 293
dictionary.com, 194, 379
Digital Web, 480
Dillon, Andrew, 17
diminishing returns, law of, 242, 247, 268
DIN 1463, 213
directories, of subsite records, 298
Directory (evolt.org), 473
discussion archives (evolt.org), 473
discussion lists (evolt.org), 464
distributed content information architecture strategy, 283, 284
document similarity (search algorithm), 160
document type identification, 266
document types, 241
drawing out labels (label sources), 104
dream teams, 352
Drugstore.com, 199
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, 434, 437
DUX (Conference on Designing for User eXperience), 485
dynamic content, 148

E[ Top ]
easy-to-impossible task distribution, 260
eBay, 67
e-commerce sites, 64, 368
economic models, for online-community components, 473
education, 335-339, 376
Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Thesaurus, 103
Educators Survey, 483
Egreetings.com, 299, 310
EIA, 392-426
      bottom-up navigation, 401
      building an entrepreneurial business unit, 419
      centralization and, 396
      defined, 392
      designing, 397-411
      feed aggregators and, 409
      goals, 395
      guerrilla, 408
      guides and, 399
      ideal qualities and makeup of groups, 414
      klogs and, 408
      metadata, limiting, 402
      modular services, providing, 419
      operations team, 415
      potential clients, identifying, 422
      search systems and, 405
      single-silo content models, 401
      site indexes and, 399
      sitemaps and, 398
      social bookmarking and, 411
      staff directories and, 409
      standalone, 416
      strategists, 414
      strategy and operations, 411-416
      telescoped metadata development, 404
      top-down navigation, 398
      wikis and, 409
EIA centralization
      EIA Units, 419
      phased rollouts, 421
      phasing in, 424
EIA Units, services, 419
elephant, of information architecture, 387
elevator pitches, 376
emailing search results, 176
embedded hypertext links, 126
embedded metadata, 96
embedded navigation systems, 122
      contextual navigation, 126
      global navigation systems, 122
      implementation, 127
      local navigation systems, 124
emperors, without clothes, 385
employees
      consultants versus, 349
      information-finding times, 430
employment markets, 336
engineers, inability to lie, 361
enterprise architecture, versus information architecture, 11
enterprise controlled vocabularies, 75
enterprise information architecture (see EIA)
enterprise intranets, 429
entity relationship diagram (ERD), 74
entrepreneurial school of business strategy, 387
entry terms (variant terms), 439
environmental context, 252
environmental school of business strategy, 387
Epicurious.com, 96
Epinions, 143
equivalence relationships (in thesauri), 204, 215
ERD (entity relationship diagram), 74
ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) Thesaurus, 103
ethics, 340-344
ethnoclassification, 77
evolt.org, 460-474
      biography listings, 468
      content access in, 462
      content integration, 472
      decision-making at, 470
      discussion list postings, 464
      information architecture of, 471, 474
      participation economy, 462
      published articles, 466
exact organization schemes, 59
exclusivity, in taxonomies, 70
executive summary (strategy report section), 280
executive-centered design, 234
exhaustive research, 34
existing architecture, content samples and, 242
existing sites, learning from, 239
experience design, versus information architecture, 10
experience, as education, 336
experts' ratings, for search results rankings, 172
exploratory seeking, 34
exporting, of search results, 175

F[ Top ]
faceted classification, 221
facets, 70, 222, 347
Farnum, Chris, 28, 312
Favorites (browser command), 118
feed aggregators and EIA, 409
Fidelity, 87
Fidelity Investments web site, 245
field study, 252
fielded databases, 222
files, organizing and naming, 57
findability (of information), 5, 239
first screen syndrome, 163
fishing metaphor, 33
      I've seen you before, Moby Dick, 34
      Indiscriminate driftnetting, 33
      Lobster trapping, 33
      The perfect catch, 33
Flamenco Search Interface Project, 226
flat-file databases, 73
flexibility
      of MSWeb team, 453
      in navigation systems, 120
Flickr, 77
focus groups, 253
Fogg, B.J., 344
form, of preferred terms, 217
formal education, for information architects, 336
formats
      content samples and, 241
      problem of treatment of, 57
Forrester Research, 358
Forward (browser command), 118
fragmented sites, 148
frames, 130
framework, conceptual, for research, 233
free tagging, 77
free-listing, 108
functional metaphors, 274

G[ Top ]
gap fillers, 22
gaps
      in business strategy, 384
      in content, 316
      gap analysis, 239
      in labeling systems, 100
Garrett, Jesse James, 486
Gateway web site, 102
gathering content, for analysis, 241
generic relationships (in thesauri), 216
geographical organization schemes, 60
geography, vocabularies for, 434
Gibson, William, 16, 353
global navigation bars, 122, 123, 183
global navigation systems, 122
good ideas, borrowing, 245
good stuff (relevant content), 151
Google, 181
      similar pages, 37
Gopher, 120
Gore, Al, 274
Govella, Austin, 301
grammatical form of preferred terms, 218
granularity, 5
      of cards for sorting, 256
      effects on classification systems, 57
      ethics of, 342
      of labels, consistency of, 100
      in site indexes, 134
      thesaurus design and, 216
graphic design, versus information architecture, 10
graphic designers, 308
graphic navigation bars, 129
Greenfield, Adam, 344
group meetings, 270
grouping, of search results, 175
guerrilla EIA, 408
guidelines, for diagramming information architecture, 292
guides, 136, 298, 329, 348
gut reactionaries, 366, 371
GUUUI, 480

H[ Top ]
Hagedorn, Kat, 356
HCI (Human-Computer Interaction), 337
HCI Bibliography, 484
headings, 90
healthcare system web site, 105
help-desk operators, 250
heterogeneity, 56, 256
heuristic evaluations, 239
hierarchical relationships (in thesauri), 204, 215
hierarchies, 69, 221
      depth versus breadth, 70
      labels and, 90
      limitations, 121
      polyhierarchy, 219
      stability, 347
      structure, and web site growth, 73
      for user testing participant selection, 252
      Yahoo!'s, 147
high-fidelity wireframes, 310
high-level blueprints, 296
HR applications, 139
HRWeb (Microsoft human resources portal), 452
HTML prototypes, 271
HTML tags, 96, 129, 194
Human Factors International, 484
human resource applications, 139
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), 337
humans, navigation tools, use of, 115
hybrid organization schemes, 66
hypermedia systems, 76
hypertext, 76
hypertext links, 87
      color coding of, 118
      labels for, 87
      problems with, 77
hypertext navigation, 119, 121

I[ Top ]
I Need To (MSWeb record collection), 447
IA Institute
      Education, 483
      Members List, 476
      Tools, 485
IAWiki, 479
      Canon, 483
      Degree in IA Page, 484
      Deliverables and Artifacts, 486
      Diagramming Tools, 486
      on blueprints, 307
IBM, 102, 183, 368
iceberg problem, 390
ICON Advisers, 167
icons, 97, 129
ideas, early communication of, 270
identification numbers, on blueprints, 304
implementation, 127, 232
improvements, measuring, 246
incentive programs, for enterprise information architecture, 421
inclusivity, in taxonomies, 70
indecisiveness, 380
index term labels, 95
indexing specialists, 352
indexing thesauri (thesaurus type), 211
indexing, for search, 151
      audience-specific, 154
      content components, 155
      recent content, 155
      topic-specific, 154
InfoDesign, 479
information, 53
      amount of, 54
      library science and information architecture, and, 19
      multiple paths to, 223
      organizing, challenges of, 54
      resources for, 278
      sources of, 250
information architects
      becoming, 335
      dream teams, 352
      education, 335
      hiring, 349
      knowledge base, 74
      MSWeb and, 431
      as salespeople, 366
      as user advocates, 150
information architecture
      anatomy of, 41-52
      benefits of, unquantifiability, 369
      building teams for, 345
      business strategy and, 379, 381
      checklist of points supporting, 376
      chicken-and-egg problem of, 267
      classic, 388
      content and, 27
      context and, 26
      defining, 3-14
      diagramming, 292
      difficulty, 351
      enduring versus adaptive, 347
      explaining to others, 8
      maintenance of, 329
      modern, 388
      need for, 17
      at point of production, 328
      practicing, 16-29
      practicing in the real world, 24-28
      process of, 232
      programs in, 349
      representation of, 292
      selling, 365
      specialists, 23
      style guides, 329
      users and, 28
      value of, 367
      versus closely related disciplines, 10
      what it isn't, 9
      why it matters, 11
Information Architecture Institute (IAI), 475, 478
Information Architecture Library, 479
information architecture software analysts, 352
information architecture strategy, 261
information architecture usability engineers, 352
information clouds, 278
information design, 43
Information Ecology (Davenport and Prusak), 389
information finding, 146
information highway, 274
information mapping, 389
information models, 57
information needs, 33, 259
information organization, 58
information overload, 54
information pain, 375
information technology, 239, 468
information technology meetings, 237
information, defined, 5
information-seeking behaviors, 35
      nature of, 62
Inktomi, 197
inline hypertext links, 126
innies (employees), outies versus, 21, 349
innovation, 379
instance relationships (in thesauri), 216
Instone, Keith, 48, 120, 134
Integrated Content Repository strategy, 289
integration, of content, 472
intellectual access, 341
intellectual efforts, sharing of, 447
interaction design, 43
Interaction Design Association (IxDA), 477, 478
interaction design, versus information architecture, 10
interaction designers, 352
Interactions magazine, 480
interdisciplinary collaboration, 117
interface design, 185, 272, 326
internal politics, 58
Internet Archive, 144
Internet Explorer, 117
Internet Public Library, 275
Internet, decentralizing force of, 54
interviews, 254
Interwoven Metatagger, 356
intranets, 58, 141
introductory presentations, for business context research, 235
inventories, content, 313
invisibility, 389, 390
invisible architectural components, 52
ISO 2788, 213
IT (information technology), assessments of, 239
IT departments, 150
IxDA Education Resources, 483
IxDA Resource Library, 479, 486

J[ Top ]
jargon, 86
jetBlue web site, 98, 101
journalism and information architecture, 19

K[ Top ]
KEYWORD tag, 194
keywords, 95, 194
klogs (knowledge blogs), 408
knowledge management, versus information architecture, 11
knowledge workers, 387
known-item seeking, 34, 59, 133
known-item to exhaustive task distribution, 260
Krooks, David A., 213
Krug, Steve, 259

L[ Top ]
label testing exercise, 83
labeling, 342
labeling patterns, 102
labeling systems, 82
      changes to, 114
      consistency, 99
      designing, 98, 100, 112
      importance, 83
      modular approach to, 99
      of MSWeb, 436
      strategy recommendations on, 266
      uses, 83
labeling tables, 101
labels
      card-sort exercises and, 106
      as contextual links, 87
      drawing out, 104
      educational aspects, 83
      goals of, 82
      as headings, 90
      iconic, 97
      as index terms, 95
      jargony, 86
      multipurpose, 87
      poor, examples of, 83
      as representation, 82
      scope notes for, 94
      scope of, 112
      significance, 58
      sources of, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106
      textual, for navigation bars, 129
      tuning and tweaking, 112
      varieties of, 86
      within navigation systems, 92
Lampel, Joseph, 385
Lancaster, F.W., 213
language, 54, 55, 432
large information systems, 220
lateral navigation, 121
law of diminishing returns, 242, 247, 268
learning school of business strategy, 387
learning, organizational, 346
legends, for blueprints, 302
lessons learned (strategy report section), 282
Lexico, 357
librarians, 54, 105, 250
librarianship, 54
libraries, 6, 56, 61, 274
Library and Information Science (LIS), 337
Library of Congress classification scheme, 7, 221
Library of Michigan, 154
link labels, 89
LIS (Library and Information Science), 337
listing methods, for search results, 167
      alphabetical sorting, 168
      chronological sorting, 168
      relevance rankings, 168
literary warrant, 218
literature, on information architecture, 337
Living on the Fault Line (Moore), 389
local hub information strategy, 283
local navigation systems, 124
local pages, 304
locations, organization schemes for, 60
long-term profitability, 381
long-term project plans, 288
low-fidelity wireframes, 310
Lutes, Barbara, 103

M[ Top ]
m.e.o. (members.evolt.org), 469
magic, 14
main pages
      global navigation bars on, 123
      index terms and, 97
      labels on, 83
      politics and, 58
maintenance, of labeling systems, 114
making the case for information architecture, 365-377
manual indexing, 58, 135, 152
many good ways, of business strategy, 385
mapping, of content, 313
maps, activity-system, 382
marketing and information architecture, 20
marketing tools, 136
market-research firms, 252
McCloud, Scott, 129
MDR (Metadata Registry, MSWeb taxonomy tool), 438
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), 208
medical web sites, 105
medium-fidelity wireframes, 310
MEDLINE, 206
members.evolt.org (m.e.o), 469
memes (idea viruses), 290
mental models, 119, 255
Merholz, Peter, 17
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), 208
meta tag (HTML), 96, 194
Metacrawler, 249
metadata, 193, 194
      administrative, 243
      context dependencies, 447
      description of, in strategy report, 287
      descriptive, 243
      Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, 434, 437
      field definitions, strategy recommendations on, 266
      importance, 74
      matrixes for, 324
      schemas, 432, 434, 447
      structural, 243
      tags and tagging, 58, 194
Metadata Registry (MDR, MSWeb taxonomy tool), 438
metaphor-driven organization schemes, 66
metaphors, 273, 289
metaspy (live search display), 249
Metatagger, 356
metrics, in card sorting, 257
micro-portals, 136
Microsoft, 429
      Content Management Server, 358
      Internet Explorer, 117
      semantic web, 458
      SharePoint Portal Server, 358
      Visio, 359, 360
      web sites, 72, 123, 125, 142
Microsoft Research, 73
Middleton, Michael, 103
military terminology, as business stratgegy language, 380
Mintzberg, Henry, 385
Mishka (evolt.org author), 467
mission statements, 280
mob indexing, 77
models
      content, 317-323
      economic, for online communities, 473
      information models, 57
      mental models, 119, 255
modern information architecture, 388
Modern Information Retrieval (Baeza-Yates and Ribeiro-Neto), 191
modularity, 450
money, 349, 350
monsters, 342
Moore, Geoffrey, 389
Morville, Peter, 356-358
mp3.com, 142
MSWeb, 429-459
      achievements, 459
      information architects, challenges for, 431
      MSWeb team, 448
      plans for future, 458
      product vocabularies, 431
      taxonomies, 432-437
      tools for, modularity of, 448
      users of, 430, 454
      Yahoo!, comparison with, 431
multiple taxonomies, 222
MultiTes, 357

N[ Top ]
narrow-and-deep hierarchies, 70
narrower terms, 205
narrowing search results, 190
National Library of Canada, 202
National Library of Medicine, 206
natural language processing tools, 162
navigation, 43, 46
      bottom-up, in EIA, 401
      site-wide, 50
      top-down, in EIA, 398
navigation bars, 122, 129
navigation features of web browsers, 117
navigation pages, 153
Navigation Stress Test, 48, 120
navigation systems, 115-144
      advanced navigation approaches, 139
      blueprints and, 304
      context, 118
      embedded, 122
      flexibility, 120
      integration, need for, 129
      labels within, 92
      problematic, 146
      strategy recommendations on design of, 266
      supplemental navigation systems, 131
      types of, 116
navigation tools, human's use of, 115
need for information architecture, the, 17
neologisms, 85
Netscape Navigator, 117
New York Times web site, 124, 155, 188
NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification), 342
Nielsen, Jakob, 125, 367, 406
Noah's Ark approach to content gathering, 241
nonverbal communication, 83
Northern Light, 175
Northwest Airlines, 92
Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), 342

O[ Top ]
observation, as user research technique, 253
OK/Cancel, 480
OmniGraffle, 294, 359
On Competition (Porter), 381, 382
On War (Clausewitz), 379
one best way (SWOT analysis), 385
online communities, 460-474
open audience-specific organization schemes, 66
open card sorts, 106
Open Directory Project, 474
open standards, of MSWeb tools, 448
Open URL (browser command), 118
open-ended card sorting, 256
operational effectiveness, 381
operations teams, of EIA Units, 415
opinion leader (stakeholder) interviews, 238, 381
opportunity cost approach to assessing ROI, 367
Oracle, 213
organization charts, 235
organization systems, 53-81
      ambiguity, 55
      components, 58
      creating cohesive, 80
      heterogeneity, 56
      internal politics and, 58
      organization schemes, 59
      organization structures, 58, 69, 73, 76
      personal, 57
      perspectives, differences in, 57
      strategy recommendations on, 266
organizational jargon, 86
organizational learning, 346
organizational metaphors, 274
organizing blueprints, 304
organizing information, 54, 81
outies (consultants), innies versus, 349
outside opinions, 374

P[ Top ]
page hits, 247
page paradigms, 130
pages, 302-307
pain, value of, 375
Pao, Miranda Lee, 191
paper prototypes, 271
paradox of the active user, 262
parent-child (hierarchical) relationships, 215
parenthetical term qualifiers, 218
participant definition and recruiting, for user research, 251
participation, in online communities, 462
participatory information architecture, 474
Pathfinder, 246
pattern-matching algorithms, 159
patterns, in labeling systems, 102
pay-for-placement (PFP) ranking, 173
pearl-growing model, 37
Peppers, Don, 139
permutation of index terms, 135
persistence, 344
personalization, 65, 139
perspective, consultants', 349
perspectives, differing, of organization system creators, 57
PFP (pay-for-placement) rankings, 173
phased rollouts, 421
phone books, 59, 165
phonetic tools, 162
phrasing, of cards for sorting, 256
physical access, 343
physical objects, polyhierarchy and, 221
pictures, 97, 277
pitch, ambiguity of term, 55, 98
places, organization schemes for, 60
planning school of business strategy, 387
PMEST (Ranganathan's facets), 222
point-of-production architecture, 328
politics, 58, 349
polyhierarchy, 70, 219
popularity ranking, for search results, 171
portal solutions, 358
portals, 212, 284
Porter, Michael, 380, 382, 391
positioning school of business strategy, 387
Powell's Books, 147
power school of business strategy, 387
Power Search (Wine.com), 223
precision, 159, 197
precoordination, 220
preferred terms, 199, 204, 217
presentation, consistency of, 99
presentations, 235, 279, 288, 293
printing, of search results, 176
problem statements, 260
processes, labeling steps in, 92
product management and information architecture, 20
product vocabularies, 431
professionals, hiring, 350
profitability, long-term, 381
programs, hiring information architects for, 348, 350
project plans (strategy phase work product), 288
projects, 348, 349
prospective view, of web browsers, 118
prototypes, 271, 272, 328
      software for, 360
Prusak, Laurence, 389
PubMed, 206

Q[ Top ]
qualifications for practicing information architecture, 18-23
qualifiers, parenthetical term, 218
qualitative card sorting, 256
quantifying benefits of information architecture, 370
quantitative card sorting, 256
query builders, 161
questions
      for content owners, 237
      about software, 361
      for stakeholders, 238, 381
      strategic, effects of, 267
      for strategy teams, 236
      for system administrators, 237
      user research, 254

R[ Top ]
randomness, card sorts and, 256
Ranganathan, S. R., 221
Rappoport, Avi, 192, 357
reality, 235
recall, 159, 197
recent content, 155
recruiting, for user research, 251
REI web site, 126
related documents, 160
related terms, 205
relational databases, 74
relationships, 215, 350, 458
relevance ranking of search results, 168
remote pages, 304
reports, strategy, 279
representation, 82
representational content components, 163
representative samples, for content analysis, 241
research, 231-263
      business context research, 234
      conceptual framework for, 233
      content research, 239
      defense of, 261
      importance, 261
      meetings for, 236
      overcoming resistance to, 262
      strategy phase, move to, 268
      teams for, 261
      user research, 246
research-oriented web sites, 63
resources, 475-486
      books, 481
            Boxes and Arrows Staff Recommendations, 483
            IAWiki Canon, 483
      communities, 475
            Information Architecture Institute, 475
      conferences and events, 484
            Boxes and Arrows events page, 485
            Brint calendar, 485
            DUX, 485
            IAI events calendar, 485
            IAWiki Conferences page, 485
            InfoDesign events, 485
            Interaction Design Calendar, 485
            SearchTools conferences, 485
      directories, 479
            Argus Center for Information Architecture IA Guide, 480
            IAWiki, 479
            InfoDesign, 479
            Information Architecture Library, 479
            IxDA Resource Library, 479
            Usable Web, 480
      discussion lists, 476
            AIGA-Experience Design, 476
            CHI-WEB, 477
            IA Institute Members List, 476
            IxDA (Interaction Design Association), 477
            SIGIA-L, 476
      formal education, 483
            Educators Survey, 483
            HCI Bibliography, 484
            Human Factors International, 484
            IA Institute Education, 483
            IAWiki Degree in IA Page, 484
            IxDA Education Resources, 483
            U.S. News and World Report, 484
            University of Texas on Information Architecture, 484
      jjg.net's Visual Vocabulary, 486
      online journals and magazines, 480
            A List Apart, 480
            BASIS&T, 480
            Boxes and Arrows, 480
            Digital Web, 480
            GUUUI, 480
            Interactions, 480
            OK/Cancel, 480
            User Experience, 481
            UXmatters, 481
      professional associations, 477
            ACM SIGCHI, 477
            ASIS&T, 477
            CM Pros, 478
            IA Institute, 478
            IxDA, 478
            STC, 478
            UPA, 478
            UXnet, 478
      tools, 485
            IA Institute Tools, 485
            IAWiki Deliverables and Artifacts, 486
            IAWiki Diagramming Tools, 486
            IxDA Resource Library, 486
            jjg.net's Visual Vocabulary, 486
retrieval algorithms, 52, 158
      pattern matching algorithms, 159
retrieved documents, showing number of, 167
return on investment (ROI), 11
      benchmarking and, 245
      for information architecture, 367
      for information, unreliability of measurements, 369
      opportunity cost approach to assessing, 367
Ribeiro-Neto, Berthier, 191
Rich Internet Applications (RIA), 360
Rogers, Martha, 139
roles
      on EIA Unit, 415
      of information architects, 352
Rolodex, 73
Rowley, Frederick A., 213
rules, breaking, 214

S[ Top ]
salespeople, information architects as, 366
Salon, 156
SAS (Search and Taxonomies As a Service), 443, 450, 453, 455
scenarios, 275
Scheid, Eric, 479
Schneiderman, Ben, 343
scope notes, 94, 205, 219
scope of labels, consistency of, 100
scrolls, 6
search, 117
      browsing, integration with, 188
      content for, 151
      index term labels and, 95
      on MSWeb, 450, 454
      queries, 195, 212, 250
      revision, supporting, 185
      saving searches, 178
      search boxes, 181
      search engines, 150, 195, 356, 433
      search interfaces, 180, 181, 185
      search zones, 151-155
      as supplemental navigation, 138
      systems for, 145
      thesauri for, 212
      users' expectations for, 148
search aids, 51
search analysts, 352
search analytics, 38
Search and Taxonomies As a Service (SAS), 443, 450
Search CCE Module (Inktomi), 356
Search Engine Watch, 192
search results
      alphabetical sorting of, 168
      chronological sorting of, 168
      classification schemes and, 203
      effects of taxonomies on, 437
      emailing of, 176
      expansion of, 160
      exporting, 175
      narrowing, 190
      navigation system for, 167
      overload, 190
      presentation, 163, 166, 167, 168, 175, 185
      printing, 176
      subset selection, 177
      zero results, 191
search systems, 145-192
      EIA and, 405
      need for, 145
      optimization of, 146
      presenting search results, 163
      query builders, 161
      reference material on, 191
      search algorithms, 158
      search interface design, 180
      search zones, 151
      stability of, 347
Search Tools, 356
search/browse integration, 188
searching, 35
searching thesauri (thesaurus type), 212
search-log analyses, 109, 134, 248
      (see also search analytics)
Searchtools.com, 192
second-level categories, 272
See Also links, 126
See Also terms, 205
see/see-also references, dynamically generated, 135
seeking
      exhaustive research, 34
      exploratory, 34
      known-item, 34
selling information architecture, 365
semantic relationships, 215
      associative, 216
      equivalence, 215
      examples of, 205
      hierarchical, 215
      in thesauri, 204
semantic web environments, 458
seminars on information architecture, 337
serendipity, 62, 147
service providers, 419
services
      evolutionary rate, 348
      of MSWeb team, 436, 443, 448
      provided by EIA Units, 419
seven plus-or-minus two rule, inapplicability, 71
SharePoint Portal Server (Microsoft), 358
sharing, of intellectual efforts, 447
Shedroff, Nathan, 80
Shirky, Clay, 79
shopping carts, for search results, 177
short-term project plans, 288
Sifry, David, 79
SIGGRAPH 96 Conference web site, 314
SIGIA-L, 476
silos, 148, 430
simplicity, 99
single-expert model of heuristic evaluation, 240
single-solo content models in EIA, 401
singular and plural form of preferred terms, 218
site evaluations, 374
site guides, 136
site identity, 119
site indexes, 399
      on AOL, 133
      automatic generation of, 135
      effectiveness, 95
      equivalent terms in, 200
      manual creation, 135
      as search engine alternative, 147
      stability, 347
      Sun Microsystems, 95
      term rotation, 135
site navigation, 125
sitemaps, 132, 304, 398
site-wide navigation systems, 122
sketches, design, 326
SMEs (subject matter experts), as label sources, 105
Smith, Gene, 78
social bookmarking and EIA, 411
social classification, 77
social navigation, 77, 142
Society for Technical Communication (STC), 478
software developers, 237
software development, versus information architecture, 10
software, tools and, 354-361
Sorting Things Out (Bowker and Star), 341
sources, of content samples, 241
sources, of labels, 100
      comparable and competitive sites, 102
      content analyses, 104
      content authors, 105
      controlled vocabularies and thesauri, 102
      subject matter experts, 105
      user advocates, 105
      users, 106
      your site, 101
sparkling wine (as term), 205
specialists, 23, 345, 352
specificity, 139, 219
spell-checkers, 161
spelling, of preferred terms, 218
spoken language, 82
staffing needs, 348
stakeholder (opinion leader) interviews, 238, 381
standards, for thesauri, 213
stemming, automatic, 159, 162
steps in a process, labeling, 92
stop words, 160
stories, 277, 371
strategic fit, 382
strategic questions, 267
strategic teams, of EIA Units, 414
strategy, 232, 264-290, 378
      attacks on, 266
      description of, 265
      development of, 269-273
      reports on, 279
      research phase, move from, 268
      work products and deliverables, 273
strategy architects, 349, 352
strategy phase deliverables, 273
      blueprints and wireframes, 278
      case studies and stories, 277
      conceptual diagrams, 277
      metaphor exploration, 273
      presentations, 288
      project plans, 288
      scenarios, 275
      strategy reports, 279
Strategy Safari (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel), 385
strategy sessions, 374
strategy teams, 236, 261
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, 385
structural metadata, 243
structuring, defined, 5
style guide, architecture style guide, 329
style, of labels, 99
subject matter experts (SMEs), 105, 408
subject matter familiarity, 242
subject vocabulary development, for MSWeb, 434
subjects, content analysis and, 242
subset selection, for search results, 177
subsites, 124, 125, 298
Suh, Phil, 359
Sullivan, Danny, 192, 357
Sun Microsystems, 95
Sun Tzu, 379
supplemental navigation systems, 131
      guides, 136
      importance, 132
      sitemaps, 132
SurveyMonkey, 109
surveys, 252
SWOT analysis, 385
synonym management, 84, 203
synonym rings, 195
syntax, of labels, 100
system administrators, 237

T[ Top ]
tables of contents, 132
      for strategy reports, 279
tablets, scrolls, books, and libraries, 6
TACT (think, articulate, communicate, and test), 269
task-oriented organization schemes, 64
tasks
      analysis of, 271, 457
      for user testing, 260
taxonomies, 69
      cross-walking of, 458
      depth versus breadth of, 70
      designing, 70
      for MSWeb, 432
      multiple, 222
      stability of, 347
Taxonomy Warehouse, 227
teams, information architecture, 345
technical architectures, 431, 438
technical writing and information architecture, 20
technology, 265, 391
technology assessments, 239
telling stories, 373
templates, 287, 308
term definition, 218
term forms, 217
term rotation, 135
term selection, 218
term specificity, 219
terminology, for controlled vocabularies, 204
testing, 89, 271
textual navigation bars, 129
The Clock of the Long Now, 347
The One to One Future (Peppers and Rogers), 139
thechat, 464
theforum, 464, 470
thelist, 464
thesauri, 52, 203
      classic, 209
      definition, 203
      descriptions of, in strategy report, 288
      designers of, 352
      examples, 206
      indexing (thesaurus type), 211
      Internet as disruptive force, 214
      as label sources, 102
      management tools for, 357
      preferred terms, 217
      as query builders, 162
      searching (thesaurus type), 212
      semantic relationships, 215
      standards, 213
      terminology, 204
      types of, 209
ThesauriOnline, 103, 227
thesite, 464, 470
thinking, in strategy development, 270
three circles diagram, 233
Time Warner, Pathfinder web site, 246
time, organizational schemes for, 60
tips, in evolt.org postings, 465
TITLE tag (HTML), 96
titles, organization schemes for, 61
tomatoes, classification of, 56
tool salesmen, following, 375
tools and software, 354-361
too-simple information model, the, 31
top-down business strategy development, 387
top-down information architecture, 44, 266
      bottom-up information architecture versus, 388
      high-level blueprints and, 296
      strategy recommendations on, 265
top-down organization structures, 69
topic to task distribution, 260
topical organization schemes, 63
Toub, Steve, 374
tours, as guides, 136
Tower Records, 368
trench warriors, 22
tutorials, 136
two-step model, corporate portals and intranets, 37
Tzu, Sun, 379

U[ Top ]
U.S. News and World Report, 484
U.S. states, Postal Service two-letter abbreviations for, 198
UCS (URL Cataloging Service), 438
U-Haul, 83
Umbrella Shell for Separate Hubs strategy, 289
unified vision, importance, 261
universal usability, 343
University of Texas on Information Architecture, 484
unlimited aliasing, 197
URL Cataloging Service (UCS), 438
usability, 130, 132, 239, 343
usability engineering, 259
      versus information architecture, 10
Usability Professionals' Association (UPA), 478
usability testing, focus groups and, 253
usable systems, 341
Usable Web, 134, 480
usage statistics, 247
use (controlled vocabulary term), 205
used for (controlled vocabulary term), 205
user advocates, as label sources, 105
User Experience, 481
User Experience Network (UXnet), 478
user research, 246, 259
      card sorting, 255
      contextual inquiry, 252
      customer-support data, 250
      focus groups, 253
      need for, 57
      participant definition and recruiting, 251
      search-log analysis, 248
      site indexes and, 134
      surveys, 252
      usage statistics, 247
      user-research sessions, 254
user scenarios, 275
user sensitivity boot camp sessions, 374
user warrant, 218
user-centered design, 234
users, 62
      advanced search, use of, 157
      contextual links and, 126
      education of, 182, 199
      information architects as advocates for, 150
      information architecture, and, 28
      information needs, 159
      as label sources, 106
      label testing by, 89
      MSWeb and, 430, 454
      needs and behaviors, 30-38
      opinions, value of, 252
      power of, 246
      search interfaces and, 180, 181
      search, expectations for, 148
      thesauri, familiarity with, 214
      user testing, 62, 253, 259
users' ratings, for search result rankings, 172
Utah State Archives & Records Service, 198
UXmatters, 481

V[ Top ]
validation of information architecture ROI, 369
value checklist, 376
Vanguard, 135, 382
variant terms, 204
Venn diagram, 233
vertical navigation, 121
Vignette Content Suite, 358
Visio, 294, 359, 360
vision, 235, 261
visitor information, statistics on, 247
visual design, 43
      for hierarchies, 90
visual metaphors, 274
Visual Net software, 142
Visual Vocabulary, 486
visualizing information architecture, 41-49, 293
visuals, in presentations and reports, 279, 289
VocabMan (MSWeb taxonomy tool), 438
vocabularies, 102
volunteerism, 474

W[ Top ]
Wade, Alex, 458
Wal, Thomas Vander, 78
Wall Street Journal, 137
Wayback Machine, 144
Weather Channel (weather.com), 279, 299
web design life cycle, 346
web sites
      evaluations of, 374
      heterogeneity, 56
      improvements, measuring, 246
      information organization and, 58
      as label sources, 101, 102
      metadata-driven, 193, 194
      mission statements, 280
      mission-critical nature of, 346, 378
      organizing, 58
      as strategic assets, 384
      structure of, 378, 384
web-based prototypes, 272, 328
WebMD, 160
WebThesaurusCompendium, 103
white pages (phone books), 59
whole-part relationships (in thesauri), 216
wikis and EIA, 409
Willpower Information, 357
Wine.com, 222
wireframes, 278, 307
      best practices, 312
      testing with, 272
      types of, 310
work products, 292
Wyllis, R. E., 484

X[ Top ]
XML, 448, 451

Y[ Top ]
Yahoo!
      directory's quality, 473
      MSWeb, comparison with, 431
      polyhierarchy, use of, 221
      problem of growth of, 147
      search results, classification scheme in, 203
yellow pages (phone books), 63
You Are Here indicators, 118

Z[ Top ]
Zeldman, Jeffrey, 344
zero search results, 191
Zoomerang, 109

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