1. Chapter 1 SQL History and Implementations

   1. The Relational Model and ANSI SQL

   2. History of the SQL Standard

   3. SQL Dialects

2. Chapter 2 Foundational Concepts

   1. Database Platforms Described in This Book

   2. SQL2003 and Platform-Specific Datatypes

   3. Constraints

3. Chapter 3 SQL Statement Command Reference

   1. How to Use This Chapter

   2. SQL Platform Support

   3. SQL Command Reference

4. Chapter 4 SQL Functions

   1. Types of Functions

   2. ANSI SQL Aggregate Functions

   3. ANSI SQL Window Functions

   4. ANSI SQL Scalar Functions

   5. Platform-Specific Extensions

1. Appendix Shared and Platform-Specific Keywords

2. Colophon

The animal on the cover of SQL in a Nutshell, Third Edition, is a chameleon. There are approximately 85 species of chameleons existing in the world today. They are mostly indigenous to Africa, although there are a few species found in Asia and in Europe. Most are tree dwellers. The chameleon is relatively small; the average adult size is between 6 and 12 inches. It lives mostly on insects and uses its long tongue to capture its prey. Indeed, the tongue is a critical tool. It can stretch up to 1.5 times the lizard's body length, and there is an adhesive pad on the end on which the insects are trapped. There are several other characteristics common to all species of chameleons. For example, its eyes are large and protruding, and the lizard can see 360 degrees without moving its head or body. Its toes are on either side of its feet, usually three on one side and two on the other. This is ideal for moving quickly and efficiently through tree branches.

Chameleons are best known for their ability to change their appearance to adapt to their physical environment. Actually, several types of reptiles can change their skin color, but the chameleon is far and away the most accomplished. This skill, which is moderated by the nervous system, obviously is invaluable for hunting prey and avoiding predators, and also helps to stabilize body temperature. The extent of this camouflage capability is related to the gender, age, and species of the lizard.