1. Chapter 1 Getting Started with Tomcat

   1. Installing Tomcat

   2. Starting, Stopping, and Restarting Tomcat

   3. Automatic Startup

   4. Testing Your Tomcat Installation

   5. Where Did Tomcat Come From?

2. Chapter 2 Configuring Tomcat

   1. A Word About Using the Apache Web Server

   2. Relocating the Web Applications Directory

   3. Changing the Port Number from 8080

   4. Java VM Configuration

   5. Changing the JSP Compiler

   6. Managing Realms, Roles, and Users

   7. Controlling Sessions

   8. Accessing JNDI and JDBC Resources

   9. Servlet Auto-Reloading

   10. Customized User Directories

   11. Tomcat Example Applications

   12. Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

   13. The Tomcat Admin Webapp

3. Chapter 3 Deploying Servlet and JSP Web Applications in Tomcat

   2. Layout of a Web Application

   3. Deploying an Unpacked Webapp Directory

   4. Deploying a WAR File

   5. Hot Deployment

   6. Working with WAR Files

   7. The Manager Webapp

   8. Automation with Apache Ant

   9. Symbolic Links

4. Chapter 4 Tomcat Performance Tuning

   1. Measuring Web Server Performance

   2. External Tuning

   3. Internal Tuning

   4. Capacity Planning

   5. Additional Resources

5. Chapter 5 Integration with the Apache Web Server

   1. The Pros and Cons of Integration

   2. Installing Apache httpd

   3. Apache Integration with Tomcat

   4. Tomcat Serving HTTP over the APR Connector

6. Chapter 6 Tomcat Security

   1. Securing the System

   2. Multiple Server Security Models

   3. Using the SecurityManager

   4. Granting File Permissions

   5. Setting Up a Tomcat chroot Jail

   6. Filtering Bad User Input

   7. Securing Tomcat with SSL

7. Chapter 7 Configuration

   1. server.xml

   2. web.xml

   3. tomcat-users.xml

   4. catalina.policy

   5. catalina.properties

   6. context.xml

8. Chapter 8 Debugging and Troubleshooting

   1. Reading Logfiles

   2. Hunting for Errors

   3. URLs and the HTTP Conversation

   4. Debugging with RequestDumperValve

   5. When Tomcat Won't Shut Down

9. Chapter 9 Building Tomcat from Source

   1. Installing Apache Ant

   2. Obtaining the Source

   3. Downloading Support Libraries

   4. Building Tomcat

10. Chapter 10 Tomcat Clustering

    1. Clustering Terms

    2. The Communication Sequence of an HTTP Request

    3. Distributed Java Servlet Containers

    4. Tomcat 6 Clustering Implementation

    5. JDBC Request Distribution and Failover

    6. Additional Resources

11. Chapter 11 Final Words

    1. Supplemental Resources

    2. Community

1. Appendix Installing Java

   1. Choosing a Java JDK

   2. Working Around Older GCJ and Kaffe JVMs

   3. Sun Microsystems Java SE JDK

   4. IBM J9 JDK

   5. BEA JRockit JDK

   6. Apple Java SE JDK

   7. Excelsior JET

   8. Apache Harmony JDK

2. Appendix jbchroot.c

3. Appendix BadInputValve.java

4. Appendix BadInputFilter.java

5. Appendix RPM Package Files

6. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animal on the cover of Tomcat: The Definitive Guide is a snow leopard. The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) lives in the mountains of Central Asia, a cold, cliffy habitat with sparse vegetation. This medium-sized "big cat" has long body hair, dense underfur, a well-developed chest, and a furry tail that can be wrapped around its face and body for warmth, making it well-suited to the icy, thin air of its native climate. Its white to smoky-gray coloring and dark-gray to black spots blend in with the rocky slopes. Large paws help it walk on snow, and its exceptional leaping ability and feline agility aid in its pursuit of prey. The snow leopard stands about 24 inches at the shoulder, weighs between 60 and 120 pounds, and can kill animals up to three times its weight. Common prey include Himalayan blue sheep, Asiatic ibex, marmot, small rodents, and game birds such as the Tibetan snowcock. Mature snow leopards are solitary animals, living and hunting alone, except during mating season. Young snow leopards are born in the spring and spend their first few months in rocky shelters lined with fur; after that, their mothers lead them on hunts through their first winter. Listed as an endangered species since 1972, the snow leopard population is now estimated to be between 4,500 and 7,500 worldwide. The fur trade, once the main threat to this species, has decreased in recent years, but they are still hunted for their bones, which are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a substitute for tiger bones. The snow leopard's small litters (only two to three cubs per year) make this species particularly vulnerable to extinction. The cover image is from Dover Pictorial Archive. The cover font is Adobe ITC Garamond. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed.