1. XML Concepts

   1. Chapter 1 Introducing XML

      1. The Benefits of XML
      2. What XML Is Not
      3. Portable Data
      4. How XML Works
      5. The Evolution of XML

   2. Chapter 2 XML Fundamentals

      1. XML Documents and XML Files
      2. Elements, Tags, and Character Data
      3. Attributes
      4. XML Names
      5. References
      6. CDATA Sections
      7. Comments
      8. Processing Instructions
      9. The XML Declaration
      10. Checking Documents for Well-Formedness

   3. Chapter 3 Document Type Definitions (DTDs)

      1. Validation
      2. Element Declarations
      3. Attribute Declarations
      4. General Entity Declarations
      5. External Parsed General Entities
      6. External Unparsed Entities and Notations
      7. Parameter Entities
      8. Conditional Inclusion
      9. Two DTD Examples
      10. Locating Standard DTDs

   4. Chapter 4 Namespaces

      1. The Need for Namespaces
      2. Namespace Syntax
      3. How Parsers Handle Namespaces
      4. Namespaces and DTDs

   5. Chapter 5 Internationalization

      1. Character-Set Metadata
      2. The Encoding Declaration
      3. Text Declarations
      4. XML-Defined Character Sets
      5. Unicode
      6. ISO Character Sets
      7. Platform-Dependent Character Sets
      8. Converting Between Character Sets
      9. The Default Character Set for XML Documents
      10. Character References
      11. xml:lang

2. Narrative-Like Documents

   1. Chapter 6 XML as a Document Format

      1. SGML's Legacy
      2. Narrative Document Structures
      3. TEI
      4. DocBook
      5. OpenOffice
      6. WordprocessingML
      7. Document Permanence
      8. Transformation and Presentation

   2. Chapter 7 XML on the Web

      1. XHTML
      2. Direct Display of XML in Browsers
      3. Authoring Compound Documents with Modular XHTML
      4. Prospects for Improved Web Search Methods

   3. Chapter 8 XSL Transformations (XSLT)

      1. An Example Input Document
      2. xsl:stylesheet and xsl:transform
      3. Stylesheet Processors
      4. Templates and Template Rules
      5. Calculating the Value of an Element with xsl:value-of
      6. Applying Templates with xsl:apply-templates
      7. The Built-in Template Rules
      8. Modes
      9. Attribute Value Templates
      10. XSLT and Namespaces
      11. Other XSLT Elements

   4. Chapter 9 XPath

      1. The Tree Structure of an XML Document
      2. Location Paths
      3. Compound Location Paths
      4. Predicates
      5. Unabbreviated Location Paths
      6. General XPath Expressions
      7. XPath Functions

   5. Chapter 10 XLinks

      1. Simple Links
      2. Link Behavior
      3. Link Semantics
      4. Extended Links
      5. Linkbases
      6. DTDs for XLinks
      7. Base URIs

   6. Chapter 11 XPointers

      1. XPointers on URLs
      2. XPointers in Links
      3. Shorthand Pointers
      4. Child Sequences
      5. Namespaces
      6. Points
      7. Ranges

   7. Chapter 12 XInclude

      1. The include Element
      2. Including Text Files
      3. Content Negotiation
      4. Fallbacks
      5. XPointers

   8. Chapter 13 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

      1. The Levels of CSS
      2. CSS Syntax
      3. Associating Stylesheets with XML Documents
      4. Selectors
      5. The Display Property
      6. Pixels, Points, Picas, and Other Units of Length
      7. Font Properties
      8. Text Properties
      9. Colors

   9. Chapter 14 XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO)

      1. XSL Formatting Objects
      2. The Structure of an XSL-FO Document
      3. Laying Out the Master Pages
      4. XSL-FO Properties
      5. Choosing Between CSS and XSL-FO

   10. Chapter 15 Resource Directory Description Language (RDDL)

       1. What's at the End of a Namespace URL?
       2. RDDL Syntax
       3. Natures
       4. Purposes

3. Record-Like Documents

   1. Chapter 16 XML as a Data Format

      1. Why Use XML for Data?
      2. Developing Record-Like XML Formats
      3. Sharing Your XML Format

   2. Chapter 17 XML Schemas

      1. Overview
      2. Schema Basics
      3. Working with Namespaces
      4. Complex Types
      5. Empty Elements
      6. Simple Content
      7. Mixed Content
      8. Allowing Any Content
      9. Controlling Type Derivation

   3. Chapter 18 Programming Models

      1. Common XML Processing Models
      2. Common XML Processing Issues
      3. Generating XML Documents

   4. Chapter 19 Document Object Model (DOM)

      1. DOM Foundations
      2. Structure of the DOM Core
      3. Node and Other Generic Interfaces
      4. Specific Node-Type Interfaces
      5. The DOMImplementation Interface
      6. DOM Level 3 Interfaces
      7. Parsing a Document with DOM
      8. A Simple DOM Application

   5. Chapter 20 Simple API for XML (SAX)

      1. The ContentHandler Interface
      2. Features and Properties
      3. Filters

4. Reference

   1. Chapter 21 XML Reference

      1. How to Use This Reference
      2. Annotated Sample Documents
      3. XML Syntax
      4. Constraints
      5. XML 1.0 Document Grammar
      6. XML 1.1 Document Grammar

   2. Chapter 22 Schemas Reference

      1. The Schema Namespaces
      2. Schema Elements
      3. Built-in Types
      4. Instance Document Attributes

   3. Chapter 23 XPath Reference

      1. The XPath Data Model
      2. Data Types
      3. Location Paths
      4. Predicates
      5. XPath Functions

   4. Chapter 24 XSLT Reference

      1. The XSLT Namespace
      2. XSLT Elements
      3. XSLT Functions
      4. TrAX

   5. Chapter 25 DOM Reference

      1. Object Hierarchy
      2. Object Reference

   6. Chapter 26 SAX Reference

      1. The org.xml.sax Package
      2. The org.xml.sax.helpers Package
      3. SAX Features and Properties
      4. The org.xml.sax.ext Package

   7. Chapter 27 Character Sets

      1. Character Tables
      2. HTML4 Entity Sets
      3. Other Unicode Blocks

1. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animal on the cover of XML in a Nutshell, Third Edition, is a peafowl, the largest bird in the Phasianinae family, which also includes pheasants and turkeys. People often incorrectly call peafowl peacocks. Peacocks are actually male peafowl; the females are called peahens. Two wild peafowl species exist today: the Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and the Green peafowl of Southeast Asia (Pavo muticus), which may be endangered. These wild peafowl live in musters of 8 to 12 birds in dense forest near water. Though they do not fly very well, and do so only for short distances, they do manage to escape most predators and roost peacefully at night, high up in treetops.

The peafowl's most famous characteristic, of course, is its beautiful fan of feathers, known as a "train." Each blue-green train feather has a dark spot on its tip that looks much like an eye. Peacocks develop especially brilliant plumage, an indicator of sexual maturity, by age three. A healthy peacock has a full and vibrant train each year during the spring mating season. During this period, peacocks strut their stuff--display their "breeding plumage," as it is called--to attract peahens. Scientists theorize that the peacock's performance plays upon the peahen's instinctive drives to find healthy mates in the hope of producing hardy offspring. Each summer after the mating season, peafowl shed their train feathers, which are often collected by humans as eye-catching souvenirs. Marlowe Shaeffer was the production editor and copyeditor for XML in a Nutshell, Third Edition. Jane Ellin was the proofreader. Sarah Sherman and Claire Cloutier provided quality control. James Quill provided production assistance. Ellen Troutman-Zaig wrote the index.

Ellie Volckhausen designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie Freedman. The cover image is an original illustration created by Susan Hart. Clay Fernald produced the cover layout with QuarkXPress 4.1 using Adobe's ITC Garamond font.

Melanie Wang designed the interior layout, based on a series design by David Futato. This book was converted by Joe Wizda to FrameMaker 5.5.6 with a format conversion tool created by Erik Ray, Jason McIntosh, Neil Walls, and Mike Sierra that uses Perl and XML technologies. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed. The tables in Chapter 27 were produced using Code2000, Code2001, Arial Unicode MS, Tibetan Machine Web, Tibetan Machine Uni, Doulos SIL, and PakType Naqsh fonts. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read using Macromedia FreeHand 9 and Adobe Photoshop 6. The tip and warning icons were drawn by Christopher Bing. This colophon was written by Sarah Jane Shangraw and Molly Shangraw.