1. Chapter 1 Project Overview

   1. The Birth of Perl 6

   2. In the Beginning . . .

   3. The Continuing Mission

2. Chapter 2 Project Development

   1. Language Development

   2. Parrot Development

3. Chapter 3 Design Philosophy

   1. Linguistic and Cognitive Considerations

   2. Architectural Considerations

4. Chapter 4 Basic Syntax

   1. Variables

   2. Operators

   3. Control Structures

5. Chapter 5 Subroutines

   1. Using Subroutines

   2. Parameters

   3. Arguments

   4. Subroutine Stubs

   5. Subroutine Scope

   6. Anonymous Subroutines

   7. Multi Subroutines

   8. Curried Subroutines

   9. Wrapped Subroutines

   10. Lvalue Subroutines

   11. Macros

6. Chapter 6 Objects

   1. Using Objects

   2. Classes

   3. Roles

   4. Delegation

   5. Private and Public

   6. Subroutines

   7. Submethods

   8. Multiple Dispatch

7. Chapter 7 Grammars and Rules

   1. Using Rules

   2. Building Blocks

   3. Modifiers

   4. Built-in Rules

   5. Backtracking Control

   6. Hypothetical Variables

8. Chapter 8 Parrot Internals

   1. Core Design Principles

   2. Parrot's Architecture

   3. The Interpreter

   4. I/O, Events, and Threads

   5. Objects

   6. Advanced Features

   7. Conclusion

9. Chapter 9 Parrot Assembly Language

   1. Getting Started

   2. Basics

   3. Working with PMCs

   4. Flow Control

   5. Stacks and Register Frames

   6. Lexicals and Globals

   7. Subroutines

   8. Exceptions and Exception Handlers

   9. Events

   10. Threads

   11. Loading Bytecode

   12. Classes and Objects

   13. Writing Tests

10. Chapter 10 Parrot Intermediate Representation

    1. Statements

    2. Variables and Constants

    3. Symbol Operators

    4. Labels

    5. Flow Control

    6. Subroutines

    7. Methods

11. Chapter 11 Parrot Reference

    1. PASM Opcodes

    2. PIR Directives

    3. PIR Instructions

    4. Parrot Command-Line Options

1. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animal on the cover of Perl 6 and Parrot Essentials, Second Edition, is an aoudad (ammotragus lervia). Commonly known as Barbary sheep, aoudads originated in the arid mountainous regions of northern Africa and have stout, sturdy bodies, standing 30-40 inches at the shoulder and weighing from 65-320 pounds. The aoudad has a bristly reddish-brown coat and is distinguished by a heavy, fringed mane covering its chest and legs. Both males and females have thick, triangular-shaped horns that curve back in a semicircle. A male aoudad's horns can grow up to 2.5 feet.

Aoudads are herbivores and are most active at dawn and dusk, avoiding the desert heat of midday. They will drink water if it is available, but can obtain sufficient moisture from dew and vegetation. Aoudads are incredible jumpers, able to clear 6 feet from a standstill. So well suited are they to their surroundings that newborns have the ability to navigate rocky slopes just hours after birth.

Despite being endangered in their native environment, aoudads are flourishing in the United States. Introduced to western Texas and southern New Mexico in the 1940s, aoudads are now so populous that it is feared that their presence may threaten the native desert bighorn sheep. Aoudads are considered native game in the desert mountains of their adopted home, where the rugged landscape is dotted with ranches catering to recreational hunters. Matt Hutchinson was the production editor for Perl 6 and Parrot Essentials, Second Edition. Octal Publishing, Inc. provided production services. Darren Kelly, Genevieve d'Entremont, and Emily Quill provided quality control.

Ellie Volckhausen designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie Freedman. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from Animate Creations, Volume II. Maureen McMahon produced the cover layout with QuarkXPress 4.1 using Adobe's ITC Garamond font.

David Futato designed the interior layout. This book was converted by Joe Wizda to FrameMaker 5.5.6 with a format conversion tool created by Erik Ray, Jason McIntosh, Neil Walls, and Mike Sierra that uses Perl and XML technologies. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read using Macromedia FreeHand 9 and Adobe Photoshop 6. This colophon was written by Emily Quill.