1. Chapter 1 Introduction

   1. Why PHP 5?

   2. What's New in PHP 5?

   3. Installing and Configuring PHP 5

2. Chapter 2 Object-Oriented Programming

   1. What Is Object-Oriented Programming?

   2. Memory Management

   3. Basic Classes

   4. Class Intermediates

   5. Inheritance

   6. Magical Methods

3. Chapter 3 MySQL

   1. Installing and Configuring

   2. Procedural Interface

   3. Before and After: Connecting to the Database Server

   4. Object-Oriented Interface

   5. Before and After: Querying and Retrieving Data with Prepared Statements

   6. Before and After: Subselects

   7. Transactions

   8. Before and After: Making Multiple Queries

   9. Securing Connections with SSL

   10. Porting Code and Migrating Databases

4. Chapter 4 SQLite

   1. SQLite Basics

   2. Alternate SQLite Result Types

   3. Object-Oriented Interface

   4. Indexes, Error Handling, and In-Memory Tables

   5. Transactions

   6. User-Defined Functions

5. Chapter 5 XML

   1. XML Extensions in PHP 5

   2. Installing XML and XSLT Support

   3. DOM

   4. SimpleXML

   5. Converting Between SimpleXML and DOM Objects

   6. Before and After: Reading XML into a Tree

   7. Before and After: Searching XML with XPath

   8. Reading XML as Events with SAX

   9. Before and After: Creating New XML Documents

   10. Before and After: Transforming XML with XSLT

   11. Validating Against a Schema

6. Chapter 6 Iterators and SPL

   1. Before and After: Using Iterators

   2. Implementing the Iterator Interface

   3. MySQL Query Iterator

   4. Chaining Iterators

   5. SimpleXML Iterator

   6. Before and After: Recursive Directory Iteration

   7. Implementing the RecursiveIterator Interface

   8. Array and Object Property Iteration

   9. Redefining Class Iteration

   10. Iterator and SPL Classes and Interfaces

7. Chapter 7 Error Handling and Debugging

   1. Before and After: Handling Errors

   2. The Benefits of Exceptions

   3. System Exceptions

   4. The Exception Class

   5. User Exceptions

   6. Setting a Custom Exception Handler

   7. Processing Errors with a Custom Handler

   8. Debugging Functions

8. Chapter 8 Streams, Wrappers, and Filters

   1. Using the Streams API

   2. Wrapper Overview

   3. Wrapper Details

   4. Creating Wrappers

   5. Filtering Streams

   6. Creating Filters

9. Chapter 9 Other Extensions

   1. SOAP

   2. Tidy

   3. Reflection

10. Chapter 10 PHP 5 in Action

    1. Defining Your Database Schema

    2. The Person Class

    3. The addressBook Class

    4. The Template Class

    5. Assembling the Application

    6. Wrap-Up and Future Directions

1. Appendix A Introduction to XML

   1. Comparing HTML and XML

   2. Well-Formed XML

   3. Schemas

   4. Transformations

   5. XML Namespaces

   6. XPath

2. Appendix B Additional New Features and Minor Changes

   1. Passing Optional Parameters by Reference

   2. New E_STRICT Error Setting

   3. Treating Strings as Arrays Causes Errors

   4. CLI Now Allows Individual Line Processing

   5. CLI Always Provides argv and argc

   6. Oracle (oci8) Extension Functions Renamed

   7. New Configuration Directives

   8. Updated COM Extension

   9. Apache 2 Correctly Sets PATH_TRANSLATED

   10. strrpos( ) Uses the Entire Needle

   11. Windows 95 Support Dropped

   12. old_function Eliminated

3. Appendix C Installing PHP 5 Alongside PHP 4

   1. General PHP 5 Configuration

   2. Module and CGI

   3. Windows

4. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animals on the cover of Upgrading to PHP 5 are Galapagos tortoises (Geochelone elephantopus). These giant tortoises, native to the Galapagos Islands, are the largest in the world. They can weigh up to 500 pounds and measure up to 6 feet from head to tail. As their bulk suggests, they are slowmoving animals, with a top speed of 0.16 mph. Their plodding pace applies to more than just their gait--they can live for 200 years and take 20 to 25 years to reach full maturity. Baby tortoises spend a full month digging out of their sandy nests after they hatch.

Galapagos tortoises are herbivores, and their strong, curved mouths allow them to eat the spiny vegetation found on the more arid islands in the Galapagos chain. Their slow metabolism allows them to survive for long periods of time without food or water, which is necessary during the dry season. Their scaly feet help them navigate the islands' rough lava terrain.

Fifteen subspecies of Geochelone elephantopus have been found in the Galapagos Islands, an archipelago located about 600 miles off the coast of Ecuador. The different subspecies are identified primarily by their shell morphology: saddle-back and domed shells are the two general types, but there are intermediate variations. The subspecies descend from a common ancestor, but developed their unique characteristics in response to the varied terrain, available food, humidity, and other environmental factors found on the islands. Charles Darwin's observations of Galapagos tortoises and how they adapted to their environments helped him formulate his theory of natural selection.

Galapagos tortoises are endangered, and several subspecies are already extinct. Before whalers, seal fur hunters, and colonists arrived in the 18th century, about 250,000 tortoises lived on the islands. Today, only 15,000 remain. Genevieve d'Entremont was the production editor and copyeditor for Upgrading to PHP 5. Sada Preisch proofread the book. Sarah Sherman and Claire Cloutier provided quality control. Angela Howard wrote the index. Ellie Volckhausen designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie Freedman. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. Emma Colby produced the cover layout with QuarkXPress 4.1 using Adobe's ITC Garamond font.

Melanie Wang designed the interior layout, based on a series design by David Futato. This book was converted by Joe Wizda to FrameMaker 5.5.6 with a format conversion tool created by Erik Ray, Jason McIntosh, Neil Walls, and Mike Sierra that uses Perl and XML technologies. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read using Macromedia FreeHand 9 and Adobe Photoshop 6. The tip and warning icons were drawn by Christopher Bing. This colophon was written by Genevieve d'Entremont.