1. Basic Concepts

   1. Chapter 1 How to Write a Simple Makefile

      1. Targets and Prerequisites
      2. Dependency Checking
      3. Minimizing Rebuilds
      4. Invoking make
      5. Basic Makefile Syntax

   2. Chapter 2 Rules

      1. Explicit Rules
      2. Variables
      3. Finding Files with VPATH and vpath
      4. Pattern Rules
      5. The Implicit Rules Database
      6. Special Targets
      7. Automatic Dependency Generation
      8. Managing Libraries

   3. Chapter 3 Variables and Macros

      1. What Variables Are Used For
      2. Variable Types
      3. Macros
      4. When Variables Are Expanded
      5. Target- and Pattern-Specific Variables
      6. Where Variables Come From
      7. Conditional and include Processing
      8. Standard make Variables

   4. Chapter 4 Functions

      1. User-Defined Functions
      2. Built-in Functions
      3. Advanced User-Defined Functions

   5. Chapter 5 Commands

      1. Parsing Commands
      2. Which Shell to Use
      3. Empty Commands
      4. Command Environment
      5. Evaluating Commands
      6. Command-Line Limits

2. Advanced and Specialized Topics

   1. Chapter 6 Managing Large Projects

      1. Recursive make
      2. Nonrecursive make
      3. Components of Large Systems
      4. Filesystem Layout
      5. Automating Builds and Testing

   2. Chapter 7 Portable Makefiles

      1. Portability Issues
      2. Cygwin
      3. Managing Programs and Files
      4. Working with Nonportable Tools
      5. Automake

   3. Chapter 8 C and C++

      1. Separating Source and Binary
      2. Read-Only Source
      3. Dependency Generation
      4. Supporting Multiple Binary Trees
      5. Partial Source Trees
      6. Reference Builds, Libraries, and Installers

   4. Chapter 9 Java

      1. Alternatives to make
      2. A Generic Java Makefile
      3. Compiling Java
      4. Managing Jars
      5. Reference Trees and Third-Party Jars
      6. Enterprise JavaBeans

   5. Chapter 10 Improving the Performance of make

      1. Benchmarking
      2. Identifying and Handling Bottlenecks
      3. Parallel make
      4. Distributed make

   6. Chapter 11 Example Makefiles

      1. The Book Makefile
      2. The Linux Kernel Makefile

   7. Chapter 12 Debugging Makefiles

      1. Debugging Features of make
      2. Writing Code for Debugging
      3. Common Error Messages

3. Appendixes

   1. Appendix A Running make

   2. Appendix B The Outer Limits

      1. Data Structures
      2. Arithmetic

   3. Appendix C GNU Free Documentation License—GNU Project—Free Software Foundation (FSF)

      1. 0. PREAMBLE
      2. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
      3. 2. VERBATIM COPYING
      4. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
      5. 4. MODIFICATIONS
      6. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
      7. 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
      8. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
      9. 8. TRANSLATION
      10. 9. TERMINATION
      11. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

1. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animal on the cover of Managing Projects with GNU Make, Third Edition is a potto, a member of the loris family. A small primate native to the tropical forests of West Africa, the potto is 17 inches long and covered with dense, wooly, reddish brown fur. Its opposable thumbs give it an excellent grasp, leaving it well adapted to its life in the trees. The potto spends its days sleeping in crevices or holes in trees, emerging at night to hunt for food (insects, snails, and bats). Unlike many primates, the potto generally lives alone. Matt Hutchinson was the production editor for Managing Projects with GNU Make, Third Edition. Octal Publishing, Inc. provided production services. Johnna Dinse wrote the index. Adam Witwer, Jamie Peppard, and Darren Kelly provided quality control.

Edie Freedman designed the cover of this book. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. Clay Fernald produced the cover layout with QuarkXPress 4.1 using Adobe's ITC Garamond font.

David Futato designed the interior layout. This book was converted by Joe Wizda to FrameMaker 5.5.6 with a format conversion tool created by Erik Ray, Jason McIntosh, Neil Walls, and Mike Sierra that uses Perl and XML technologies. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read using Macromedia FreeHand MX and Adobe Photoshop CS.