1. Chapter 1 Database Applications and the Web

   1. The Web

   2. Three-Tier Architectures

2. Chapter 2 The PHP Scripting Language

   1. Introducing PHP

   2. Conditions and Branches

   3. Loops

   4. Functions

   5. Working with Types

   6. User-Defined Functions

   7. A Working Example

3. Chapter 3 Arrays, Strings, and Advanced Data Manipulation in PHP

   1. Arrays

   2. Strings

   3. Regular Expressions

   4. Dates and Times

   5. Integers and Floats

4. Chapter 4 Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with PHP 5

   1. Classes and Objects

   2. Inheritance

   3. Throwing and Catching Exceptions

5. Chapter 5 SQL and MySQL

   1. Database Basics

   2. MySQL Command Interpreter

   3. Managing Databases and Tables

   4. Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data

   5. Querying with SQL SELECT

   6. Join Queries

   7. Case Study: Adding a New Wine

6. Chapter 6 Querying Web Databases

   1. Querying a MySQL Database Using PHP

   2. Processing User Input

   3. MySQL Function Reference

7. Chapter 7 PEAR

   1. Overview

   2. Core Components

   3. Packages

8. Chapter 8 Writing to Web Databases

   1. Database Inserts, Updates, and Deletes

   2. Issues in Writing Data to Databases

9. Chapter 9 Validation with PHP and JavaScript

   1. Validation and Error Reporting Principles

   2. Server-Side Validation with PHP

   3. JavaScript and Client-Side Validation

10. Chapter 10 Sessions

    1. Introducing Session Management

    2. PHP Session Management

    3. Case Study: Using Sessions in Validation

    4. When to Use Sessions

    5. PHP Session API and Configuration

11. Chapter 11 Authentication and Security

    1. HTTP Authentication

    2. HTTP Authentication with PHP

    3. Form-Based Authentication

    4. Protecting Data on the Web

12. Chapter 12 Errors, Debugging, and Deployment

    1. Errors

    2. Common Programming Errors

    3. Custom Error Handlers

13. Chapter 13 Reporting

    1. Creating a Report

    2. Producing PDF

    3. PDF-PHP Reference

14. Chapter 14 Advanced Features of Object-Oriented Programming in PHP 5

    1. Working with Class Hierarchies

    2. Class Type Hints

    3. Abstract Classes and Interfaces

    4. Freight Calculator Example

15. Chapter 15 Advanced SQL

    1. Exploring with SHOW

    2. Advanced Querying

    3. Manipulating Data and Databases

    4. Functions

    5. Automating Querying

    6. Table Types

    7. Backup and Recovery

    8. Managing Users and Privileges

    9. Tuning MySQL

16. Chapter 16 Hugh and Dave's Online Wines:A Case Study

    1. Functional and System Requirements

    2. Application Overview

    3. Common Components

17. Chapter 17 Managing Customers

    1. Code Overview

    2. Customer Validation

    3. The Customer Form

18. Chapter 18 The Shopping Cart

    1. Code Overview

    2. The Winestore Home Page

    3. The Shopping Cart Implementation

19. Chapter 19 Ordering and Shipping at the Online Winestore

    1. Code Overview

    2. Credit Card and Shipping Instructions

    3. Finalizing Orders

    4. HTML and Email Receipts

20. Chapter 20 Searching and Authentication in the Online Winestore

    1. Code Overview

    2. Searching and Browsing

    3. Authentication

1. Appendix A Linux Installation Guide

   1. Finding Out What's Installed

   2. Installation Overview

   3. Installing MySQL

   4. Installing Apache

   5. Installing PHP

   6. What's Needed for This Book

2. Appendix B Microsoft Windows Installation Guide

   1. Installation Overview

   2. Installing with EasyPHP

   3. What's Needed for This Book

3. Appendix C Mac OS X Installation Guide

   1. Getting Started

   2. Installing MySQL

   3. Setting Up Apache and PHP

   4. What's Needed for This Book

4. Appendix D Web Protocols

   1. Network Basics

   2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol

5. Appendix E Modeling and Designing Relational Databases

   1. The Relational Model

   2. Entity-Relationship Modeling

6. Appendix F Managing Sessions in theDatabase Tier

   1. Using a Database to Keep State

   2. PHP Session Management

   3. MySQL Session Store

7. Appendix G Resources

   1. Client Tier Resources

   2. Middle-Tier Resources

   3. Database Tier Resources

   4. Security and Cryptography Resources

8. Appendix H The Improved MySQL Library

   1. New Features

   2. Getting Started

   3. Using the New Features

9. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animal on the cover of Web Database Applications with PHP and MySQL, Second Edition is a platypus. The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) of Australia and Tasmania has been described as a living fossil. Its earliest known remains date back 100,000 years, and it combines mammalian and reptilian features. It is aquatic, furry, warm-blooded, and lays eggs. It sports webbed feet, a beaverlike tail, and a ducklike bill.

The preferred plural of platypus is either "platypus" or "platypuses," and a baby platypus has been referred to as a "platapup."

The platypus was first described by Dr. George Shaw, a British scientist. He thought the animal was a hoax and took a pair of scissors to the pelt, expecting to find stitches attaching appendages to skin.

The platypus is an air-breathing mammal that spends most of its day resting in an underground burrow. However, it feeds only in the water and is rarely observed on land. The platypus hunts mostly at night for such food as shrimp, worms, and aquatic insects. Because the animal doesn't need to hear or see its intended food, a platypus protects its eyes and ears by automatically closing them underwater and relies on its bill to locate prey. While diving, the platypus temporarily stores food in special cheek pouches. When the animal returns to the surface to breathe, the food is ground up between rough pads located inside the bill.

A female platypus produces a clutch of one to three eggs in late winter or spring. The mother is believed to incubate them between her lower belly and curled-up tail for about 10 days as she rests in an underground nest made of vegetation collected from the water. She doesn't have nipples; her milk is instead secreted from two patches of skin midway alongher belly. It's believed that a platypup feeds by slurping up milk with sweeps of its stubby bill. When juveniles enter the water at about four months, they are nearly as long as an adult.

The platypus is the only Australian mammal known to be venomous. Adult males have a pointed spur located above the heel of each hind leg that can inject poison produced by a gland in the thigh. Platypus venom isn't considered life-threatening to humans. However, spurring is painful, because platypus spurs are sharp and can be driven in with great force; the poison itself triggers severe pain in the affected limb.

The platypus is officially classified as "common but vulnerable" in Australia. As a species, it isn't currently considered endangered. However, platypus populations are believed to have declined or disappeared, particularly in urban and agricultural settings; the specific underlying reasons for this decline are unknown. Darren Kelly was the production editor, and Nancy Reinhardt was the copyeditor for Web Database Applications with PHP and MySQL, Second Edition. Jamie Peppard, Claire Cloutier, and Philip Dangler provided quality control. Mary Agner provided production assistance. John Bickelhaupt wrote the index.

Ellie Volckhausen and Emma Colby designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie Freedman. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. Emma Colby produced the cover layout with Quark-XPress 4.1 using Adobe's ITC Garamond font.

Melanie Wang designed the interior layout, based on a series design by David Futato. This book was converted by Andrew Savikas to FrameMaker 5.5.6 with a format conversion tool created by Erik Ray, Jason McIntosh, Neil Walls, and Mike Sierra that uses Perl and XML technologies. The text font is Linotype Birka; the headingfont is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read usingMacromedia FreeHand 9 and Adobe Photoshop 6. The tip and warning icons were drawn by Christopher Bing. This colophon was compiled by Mary Anne Weeks Mayo.