1. Chapter 1 CSS and Documents

   1. The Web's Fall from Grace

   2. CSS to the Rescue

   3. Elements

   4. Bringing CSS and XHTML Together

   5. Summary

2. Chapter 2 Selectors

   1. Basic Rules

   2. Grouping

   3. Class and ID Selectors

   4. Attribute Selectors

   5. Using Document Structure

   6. Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements

   7. Summary

3. Chapter 3 Structure and the Cascade

   1. Specificity

   2. Inheritance

   3. The Cascade

   4. Summary

4. Chapter 4 Values and Units

   1. Numbers

   2. Percentages

   3. Color

   4. Length Units

   5. URLs

   6. CSS2 Units

   7. Summary

5. Chapter 5 Fonts

   1. Font Families

   2. Font Weights

   3. Font Size

   4. Styles and Variants

   5. Stretching and Adjusting Fonts

   6. The font Property

   7. Font Matching

   8. Summary

6. Chapter 6 Text Properties

   1. Indentation and Horizontal Alignment

   2. Vertical Alignment

   3. Word Spacing and Letter Spacing

   4. Text Transformation

   5. Text Decoration

   6. Text Shadows

   7. Summary

7. Chapter 7 Basic Visual Formatting

   1. Basic Boxes

   2. Block-Level Elements

   3. Inline Elements

   4. Altering Element Display

   5. Summary

8. Chapter 8 Padding, Borders, and Margins

   1. Basic Element Boxes

   2. Margins

   3. Borders

   4. Padding

   5. Summary

9. Chapter 9 Colors and Backgrounds

   1. Colors

   2. Foreground Colors

   3. Backgrounds

   4. Summary

10. Chapter 10 Floating and Positioning

    1. Floating

    2. Positioning

    3. Summary

11. Chapter 11 Table Layout

    1. Table Formatting

    2. Table Cell Borders

    3. Table Sizing

    4. Summary

12. Chapter 12 Lists and Generated Content

    1. Lists

    2. Generated Content

    3. Summary

13. Chapter 13 User Interface Styles

    1. System Fonts and Colors

    2. Cursors

    3. Outlines

    4. Summary

14. Chapter 14 Non-Screen Media

    1. Designating Medium-Specific Style Sheets

    2. Paged Media

    3. Aural Styles

    4. Summary

1. Appendix A Property Reference

   1. Visual Media

   2. Tables

   3. Paged Media

   4. Dropped from CSS2.1

   5. Visual Styles

   6. Paged Media

   7. Aural Styles

2. Appendix B Selector, Pseudo-Class, and Pseudo-Element Reference

   1. Selectors

   2. Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements

3. Appendix C Sample HTML 4 Style Sheet

4. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animals on the cover of Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide, Second Edition are salmon (salmonidae), which is a family of fish consisting of many different species. Two of the most common salmon are the Pacific salmon and the Atlantic salmon.

Pacific salmon live in the northern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of North America and Asia. There are five subspecies of Pacific salmon, with an average weight of ten to thirty pounds. Pacific salmon are born in the fall in freshwater stream gravel beds where they incubate through the winter and emerge as inch-long fish. They live for a year or two in streams or lakes and then head downstream to the ocean. There they live for a few years, before heading back upstream to their exact place of birth to spawn and then die.

Atlantic salmon live in the northern Atlantic Ocean off the coasts of North America and Europe. There are many subspecies of Atlantic salmon, including the trout and the char. Their average weight is ten to twenty pounds. The Atlantic salmon family has a similar life cycle to its Pacific cousins, from freshwater gravel beds to the sea. A major difference between the two, however, is that the Atlantic salmon does not die after spawning; it can return to the ocean and then return to the stream to spawn again, usually two or three times.

Salmon, in general, are graceful, silver-colored fish with spots on their backs and fins. Their diet consists of plankton, insect larvae, shrimp, and smaller fish. Their unusually keen sense of smell is thought to be what helps them navigate from the ocean back to the exact spot of their birth, upstream past many obstacles. Some species of salmon remain landlocked, living their entire lives in freshwater.

Salmon are an important part of the ecosystem, as their decaying bodies provide fertilizer for streambeds. Their numbers have been dwindling over the years, however. Factors in the declining salmon population include habitat destruction, fishing, dams that block spawning paths, acid rain, droughts, floods, and pollution. Marlowe Shaeffer was the production editor and copyeditor for Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide, Second Edition. Matt Hutchinson was the proofreader. Reg Aubry and Claire Cloutier provided quality control. Angela Howard wrote the index.

Ellie Volckhausen designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie Freedman. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. Emma Colby produced the cover layout with QuarkXPress 4.1 using Adobe's ITC Garamond font.

David Futato designed the interior layout. This book was converted by Julie Hawks to FrameMaker 5.5.6 with a format conversion tool created by Erik Ray, Jason McIntosh, Neil Walls, and Mike Sierra that uses Perl and XMLtechnologies. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read using Macromedia FreeHand 9 and Adobe Photoshop 6. The tip and warning icons were drawn by Christopher Bing. This colophon was written by Nicole Arigo.