1. Chapter 1 Language Basics

   1. Compilation Steps

   2. Tokens

   3. Comments

   4. Character Sets

   5. Alternative Tokens

   6. Trigraphs

2. Chapter 2 Declarations

   1. Declarations and Definitions

   2. Scope

   3. Name Lookup

   4. Linkage

   5. Type Declarations

   6. Object Declarations

   7. Namespaces

3. Chapter 3 Expressions

   1. Lvalues and Rvalues

   2. Type Conversions

   3. Constant Expressions

   4. Expression Evaluation

   5. Expression Rules

4. Chapter 4 Statements

   1. Expression Statements

   2. Declarations

   3. Compound Statements

   4. Selections

   5. Loops

   6. Control Statements

   7. Handling Exceptions

5. Chapter 5 Functions

   1. Function Declarations

   2. Function Definitions

   3. Function Overloading

   4. Operator Overloading

   5. The main Function

6. Chapter 6 Classes

   1. Class Definitions

   2. Data Members

   3. Member Functions

   4. Inheritance

   5. Access Specifiers

   6. Friends

   7. Nested Types

7. Chapter 7 Templates

   1. Overview of Templates

   2. Template Declarations

   3. Function Templates

   4. Class Templates

   5. Specialization

   6. Partial Specialization

   7. Instantiation

   8. Name Lookup

   9. Tricks with Templates

   10. Compiling Templates

8. Chapter 8 Standard Library

   1. Overview of the Standard Library

   2. C Library Wrappers

   3. Wide and Multibyte Characters

   4. Traits and Policies

   5. Allocators

   6. Numerics

9. Chapter 9 Input and Output

   1. Introduction to I/O Streams

   2. Text I/O

   3. Binary I/O

   4. Stream Buffers

   5. Manipulators

   6. Errors and Exceptions

10. Chapter 10 Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms

    1. Containers

    2. Iterators

    3. Algorithms

11. Chapter 11 Preprocessor Reference

12. Chapter 12 Language Reference

13. Chapter 13 Library Reference

    1. <algorithm>

    2. <bitset>

    3. <cassert>

    4. <cctype>

    5. <cerrno>

    6. <cfloat>

    7. <ciso646>

    8. <climits>

    9. <clocale>

    10. <cmath>

    11. <complex>

    12. <csetjmp>

    13. <csignal>

    14. <cstdarg>

    15. <cstddef>

    16. <cstdio>

    17. <cstdlib>

    18. <cstring>

    19. <ctime>

    20. <cwchar>

    21. <cwctype>

    22. <deque>

    23. <exception>

    24. <fstream>

    25. <functional>

    26. <iomanip>

    27. <ios>

    28. <iosfwd>

    29. <iostream>

    30. <istream>

    31. <iterator>

    32. <limits>

    33. <list>

    34. <locale>

    35. <map>

    36. <memory>

    37. <new>

    38. <numeric>

    39. <ostream>

    40. <queue>

    41. <set>

    42. <sstream>

    43. <stack>

    44. <stdexcept>

    45. <streambuf>

    46. <string>

    47. <strstream>

    48. <typeinfo>

    49. <utility>

    50. <valarray>

    51. <vector>

1. Appendix A Compiler Extensions

   1. Borland C++ Builder and Kylix

   2. GNU Compiler Collection

   3. Microsoft Visual C++

2. Appendix B Projects

   1. Blitz++

   2. Boost

   3. STLport

3. Glossary

4. Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animal on the cover of C++ in a Nutshell is an Eastern chipmunk, a striped ground squirrel found mostly in eastern North America. Eastern chipmunks have five dark and two light stripes on their backs, extending from head to rump, and two stripes on their long, bushy tails. They are distinguished from other ground squirrels by the white stripes above and below their eyes. The coloration of chipmunks throughout North America varies but is quite uniform within regions.

Chipmunks often make their homes in sparse forests or farms, where they can build the entrances to their lodges in stone walls, broken trees, or thick underbrush. A lodge consists of a maze of tunnels leading to a large, leaf-lined nest. Chipmunks spend most of the daylight hours outdoors but head for their lodges before nightfall. Although they are excellent climbers, chipmunks live primarily on the ground.

Chipmunks eat nuts, seeds, insects, and occasionally birds' eggs. Like all ground squirrels, they have large cheek pouches, sometimes extending as far back as their shoulders, in which they can store food. They collect and store nuts and seeds through the summer and fall. When the weather starts to get cool, all the chipmunks in a region suddenly disappear into their lodges, where they begin hibernation. On warm winter days one can often see chipmunk pawprints in the snow, as they will sometimes wake up and leave their lodges for brief periods when the temperature rises.

Mating season for Eastern chipmunks is mid-March to early April. The gestation period is 31 days, after which a litter of three to six is born. Baby chipmunks leave the lodge after one month and are mature by July.

The chipmunk most likely got its name from the noise it makes, which sounds like a loud "cheep." You can occasionally see a chipmunk hanging upside down from a tree branch "cheeping" its call. Matt Hutchinson was the production editor and copyeditor for C++ in a Nutshell. Sarah Sherman and Claire Cloutier provided quality control. Julie Hawks wrote the index. Derek Di Matteo and Mary Brady provided production assistance.

Ellie Volckhausen designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie Freedman. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. Emma Colby produced the cover layout with QuarkXPress 4.1 using Adobe's ITC Garamond font.

David Futato designed the interior layout. This book was converted by Joe Wizda and Andrew Savikas to FrameMaker 5.5.6 with a format conversion tool created by Erik Ray, Jason McIntosh, Neil Walls, and Mike Sierra that uses Perl and XML technologies. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read using Macromedia FreeHand 9 and Adobe Photoshop 6. The tip and warning icons were drawn by Christopher Bing. This colophon was written by Clairemarie Fisher O'Leary.